Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Kelompok Masyarakat Pengawas (Pokmaswas) merupakan kelompok pengawas
berbasis masyarakat yang berperan dalam mendukung pengelolaan kawasan
konservasi pesisir dan laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi
eksisting Pokmaswas, mengidentifikasi peran Pokmaswas dalam pengelolaan Taman
Wisata Alam Laut (TWAL) Pulau Weh, serta menganalisis persepsi masyarakat pesisir
terhadap peran Pokmaswas. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari–Maret 2026 di
kawasan TWAL Pulau Weh, Kota Sabang, menggunakan pendekatan mixed methods.
Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan penyebaran
kuesioner kepada 40 responden, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif dan
menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pokmaswas berperan aktif dalam patroli
kawasan, pengawasan pemanfaatan sumber daya laut, penanganan dan pelaporan
pelanggaran, rehabilitasi terumbu karang, serta koordinasi dengan berbagai pemangku
kepentingan dalam pengelolaan kawasan konservasi. Hasil analisis SEM-PLS
menunjukkan bahwa seluruh indikator memenuhi kriteria validitas konvergen dengan
nilai outer loading di atas 0,70, sedangkan nilai Average Variance Extracted (AVE)
dan Composite Reliability menunjukkan bahwa konstruk penelitian valid dan reliabel.
Persepsi masyarakat terhadap peran Pokmaswas tergolong positif, yang menunjukkan
bahwa keberadaan Pokmaswas mendukung efektivitas pengawasan dan pengelolaan
kawasan konservasi di TWAL Pulau Weh. Penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan, sarana
operasional, serta kolaborasi dengan pemerintah dan masyarakat diperlukan untuk
meningkatkan efektivitas pengelolaan kawasan konservasi.
Kata Kunci: Pokmaswas, persepsi masyarakat, kawasan konservasi, TWAL Pulau
Weh, SEM-PLS.

Community-Based Surveillance Groups (Pokmaswas) are community-based organizations that support the management and supervision of coastal and marine conservation areas. This study aimed to analyze the existing condition of Pokmaswas, identify its role in the management of the Pulau Weh Marine Tourism Park (TWAL), and examine coastal community perceptions of its role. The research was conducted from January to March 2026 in the Pulau Weh Marine Tourism Park, Sabang City, using a mixed-methods approach. Data were collected through observations, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires involving 40 respondents, and were analyzed using descriptive analysis and Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results showed that Pokmaswas actively conducted area patrols, supervised the utilization of marine resources, handled and reported violations, participated in coral reef rehabilitation, and collaborated with relevant stakeholders in conservation area management. The PLS-SEM analysis indicated that all indicators met the convergent validity criterion with outer loading values above 0.70, while the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) and Composite Reliability values confirmed that the research constructs were valid and reliable. Coastal communities showed positive perceptions of the role of Pokmaswas, indicating that its presence contributes to the effectiveness of surveillance and conservation area management in the Pulau Weh Marine Tourism Park. Strengthening institutional capacity, operational facilities, and collaboration among government agencies and local communities is essential to improve the effectiveness of conservation area management. Keywords: Pokmaswas, community perception, conservation area, Pulau Weh Marine Tourism Park, PLS-SEM.