Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pemerataan pelayanan pendidikan dasar tidak hanya ditentukan oleh jumlah sekolah, tetapi juga oleh pola sebaran, keterjangkauan melalui jaringan jalan, dan kesesuaiannya dengan kebutuhan penduduk. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pola sebaran serta jangkauan pelayanan 25 fasilitas pendidikan dasar di Kecamatan Gunung Meriah menggunakan Average Nearest Neighbor (ANN) dan Network Analysis-Service Area. Pola sebaran dibandingkan berdasarkan luas wilayah administrasi dan kawasan permukiman, sedangkan jangkauan pelayanan dianalisis pada jarak 400 meter sebagai jangkauan inti berjalan kaki dan 800 meter sebagai jangkauan perluasan, dengan radius 1.000 meter dalam SNI 03-1733-2004 digunakan sebagai pembanding perencanaan. Hasil ANN berdasarkan wilayah administrasi menghasilkan rasio 0,60554, z-score -3,773146, dan p-value 0,000161, sehingga fasilitas terbukti terkonsentrasi pada beberapa koridor permukiman yang berdekatan. Berdasarkan kawasan permukiman, analisis menghasilkan rasio 3,715760 dengan z-score 25,977198 dan p-value 0,000000, sehingga pola sebaran fasilitas pendidikan dasar tergolong menyebar secara signifikan. Pada jangkauan 400 meter, seluas 183,38 ha atau 31,24% kawasan permukiman terlayani. Cakupan kumulatif meningkat menjadi 337,43 ha atau 57,48% pada jarak 800 meter, sedangkan 249,64 ha atau 42,52% tetap berada di luar jangkauan tersebut. Perbandingan ini menunjukkan bahwa radius 800 meter memperluas pelayanan sebesar 154,05 ha atau 26,24 poin persentase dibandingkan radius 400 meter, tetapi belum mencakup seluruh permukiman. Dengan demikian, evaluasi pelayanan di wilayah pedesaan perlu menggabungkan jangkauan 400 dan 800 meter dengan jumlah penduduk usia sekolah, kapasitas sekolah, kondisi rute, dan kebutuhan pelayanan lintas desa.
Kata kunci: fasilitas pendidikan dasar; Average Nearest Neighbor; Service Area; Neighborhood Unit; keterjangkauan spasial

The provision of basic education services is determined not only by the number of schools, but also by their spatial distribution, accessibility through the road network, and correspondence with population needs. This study analyzes the distribution pattern and service coverage of 25 basic education facilities in Gunung Meriah District using Average Nearest Neighbor (ANN) and Network Analysis-Service Area. Distribution patterns were compared using the full administrative area and the settlement footprint, while service coverage was assessed at 400 metres as the core walking catchment and 800 metres as an extended catchment; the 1,000-metre radius in SNI 03-1733-2004 was used as a planning comparator. The administrative-area ANN produced a ratio of 0.60554, a z-score of -3.773146, and a p-value of 0.000161, indicating statistically significant concentration along several adjacent settlement corridors. The settlement-area analysis produced a ratio of 3.715760, a z-score of 25.977198, and a p-value of 0.000000, indicating a statistically significant dispersed distribution. Within 400 metres, 183.38 ha or 31.24% of the settlement area was covered. Cumulative coverage increased to 337.43 ha or 57.48% at 800 metres, while 249.64 ha or 42.52% remained beyond that distance. The 800-metre threshold therefore added 154.05 ha or 26.24 percentage points of coverage compared with 400 metres, but did not cover all settlements. Rural education-service planning should therefore combine the 400- and 800-metre catchments with school-age population, school capacity, route conditions, and cross-village service needs. Keywords: basic education facilities; Average Nearest Neighbor; Service Area; Neighborhood Unit; spatial accessibility.