Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R. M. Smith) merupakan tumbuhan famili Zingiberaceae yang kaya akan metabolit sekunder. Variasi kondisi geografis diduga memengaruhi komposisi metabolit tersebut sehingga berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai dasar analisis kemotaksonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis profil metabolit sekunder, kandungan fenolik total (TPC), flavonoid total (TFC), tanin total (TTC), serta hubungan kemotaksonomi varietas lokal kecombrang asal Gayo, Tangse, Nagan Raya, dan Sabang. Daun kecombrang diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut metanol, etil asetat, dan n-heksana. Profil metabolit dianalisis menggunakan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), sedangkan nilai TPC, TFC, dan TTC dianalisis secara spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Analisis kemotaksonomi dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak NTSYS versi 2.02 dengan metode UPGMA. Hasil analisis GC-MS menunjukkan adanya variasi profil metabolit sekunder antar varietas. Varietas Gayo didominasi oleh senyawa golongan terpenoid, sedangkan Tangse, Nagan Raya, dan Sabang didominasi oleh golongan lipid atau asam lemak beserta turunannya. Nilai TPC tertinggi diperoleh pada ekstrak metanol varietas Nagan Raya (KNM) sebesar 14,99 mg GAE/g ekstrak, sedangkan nilai TTC tertinggi juga diperoleh pada KNM sebesar 826,05 mg TAE/g ekstrak. Nilai TFC tertinggi diperoleh pada ekstrak etil asetat varietas Tangse (KTE) sebesar 1246,30 mg QE/g ekstrak. Analisis kemotaksonomi menggunakan UPGMA menghasilkan fenogram dengan nilai koefisien berkisar antara 0,72-0,88 yang menunjukkan kelompok yang paling dekat hubungannya berasal dari Sabang M dan Sabang EA.

Kata kunci: Etlingera elatior, GC-MS, kemotaksonomi, metabolit sekunder, TFC, TTC, TPC, UPGMA.

Etlingera elatior (Jack) R. M. Smith is a plant of the Zingiberaceae family that is rich in secondary metabolites. Geographical variation is presumed to influence the composition of these metabolites, making them valuable as chemotaxonomic markers. This study aimed to analyze the secondary metabolite profiles, determine the Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), and Total Tannin Content (TTC), and evaluate the chemotaxonomic relationships among local varieties of E. elatior collected from Gayo, Tangse, Nagan Raya, and Sabang. Leaf samples were extracted using methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane. Secondary metabolites were identified by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), while TPC, TFC, and TTC were determined using UV–Visible spectrophotometric methods. Chemotaxonomic analysis was performed using NTSYS version 2,02 with the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA). The GC-MS analysis revealed variations in the secondary metabolite profiles among the local varieties. The Gayo variety was predominantly characterized by terpenoid compounds, whereas the Tangse, Nagan Raya, and Sabang varieties were dominated by lipids, fatty acids, and their derivatives. The highest TPC was recorded in the methanolic extract of the Nagan Raya variety (KNM), reaching 14,99 mg GAE/g extract, while the highest TTC was also observed in KNM, with a value of 826,05 mg TAE/g extract. The highest TFC was obtained from the ethyl acetate extract of the Tangse variety (KTE), with a value of 1246,30 mg QE/g extract. Chemotaxonomic analysis using the UPGMA method generated a phenogram with similarity coefficients ranging from 0,72-0,88 which indicates that the most closely related groups are from Sabang M and Sabang EA. Kata kunci: chemotaxonomy, Etlingera elatior, GC-MS, secondary metabolite, TFC, TTC, TPC, UPGMA.