Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Kemiskinan masih menjadi masalah sosial yang kompleks di Indonesia, termasuk di Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara, sehingga pemerintah meluncurkan berbagai program bantuan sosial, salah satunya Program Keluarga Harapan(PKH) sebagai bantuan tunai bersyarat bagi rumah tangga miskin. Namun, di Desa Lawe Sigala Timur, pelaksanaan PKH tidak hanya berkaitan dengan aspek ekonomi, tetapi juga memunculkan stigma sosial terhadap keluarga penerima manfaat (KPM) serta ketidakadilan dalam distribusi bantuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk stigma masyarakat terhadap KPM PKH dan mengidentifikasi ketidakadilan distribusi PKH di Desa Lawe Sigala Timur, Kecamatan Lawe Sigala-gala, Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara. Secara teoritis, penelitian ini menggunakan teori interaksionisme simbolik Herbert Blumer dengan tiga premis utama, yaitu makna, interaksi, dan interpretasi, untuk memahami bagaimana simbol-simbol PKH dimaknai dalam interaksi sosial. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi, dengan sumber data primer berupa wawancara mendalam dan observasi terhadap KPM, non-penerima, dan pendamping PKH, serta data sekunder berupa dokumen dan arsip terkait. Teknik analisis data mengikuti model Miles dan Huberman, meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KPM PKH mengalami stigma dalam bentuk pelabelan, stereotip, pemisahan sosial, dan diskriminasi, yang tampak melalui sebutan “keluarga miskin”, “Ibu PKH”, hingga ejekan bernada merendahkan yang berimplikasi pada rasa malu, penurunan harga diri, dan isolasi sosial. Selain itu, ditemukan ketimpangan distribusi PKH akibat ketidakakuratan dan keterlambatan pembaruan Data Terpadu Kesejahteraan Sosial (DTKS), sehingga masih ada keluarga mampu yang menerima bantuan sementara sebagian keluarga miskin belum terjangkau. Penelitian merekomendasikan perbaikan desain kebijakan yang tidak stigmatis, pembaruan data yang lebih akurat dan partisipatif, penguatan sosialisasi di tingkat desa, serta mekanisme pengaduan yang transparan untuk meningkatkan keadilan dan efektivitas program PKH.
Kata Kunci: stigma sosial, Program Keluarga Harapan(PKH), kemiskinan, interaksi simbolik, distribusi bantuan.

Poverty remains a complex social problem in Indonesia, including in Aceh Tenggara Regency, prompting the government to launch various social assistance schemes, one of which is the Conditional Cash Transfer programme known as Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) for poor households. However, in Lawe Sigala Timur Village, the implementation of PKH is not only related to economic aspects, but also generates social stigma against beneficiary families and perceived injustice in the distribution of assistance. This study aims to identify the forms of community stigma towards PKH beneficiary households and to analyse inequality in the distribution of PKH in Lawe Sigala Timur Village, Lawe Sigala-gala Subdistrict, Aceh Tenggara Regency. Theoretically, this research applies Herbert Blumer’s symbolic interactionism, with its three main premises meaning, interaction, and interpretation to understand how PKHrelated symbols are constructed and interpreted in everyday social interaction. The study employs a qualitative phenomenological approach, using primary data collected through in-depth interviews and observation with PKH beneficiaries, nonbeneficiaries, and PKH stakeholders, supported by secondary data from relevant documents and official records. Data analysis follows Miles and Huberman’s model, consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that PKH beneficiaries experience stigma in the form of labelling, stereotyping, social separation, and discrimination, expressed through terms such as “poor family” and “PKH mother”, as well as derogatory remarks that lead to shame, lowered self-esteem, and social isolation. The study also reveals inequality in PKH distribution due to inaccuracies and delays in updating the Integrated Social Welfare Data (DTKS), resulting in some economically better-off families receiving assistance while some genuinely poor households remain excluded. The research recommends revising policy design to be less stigmatizing, improving the accuracy and participatory updating of beneficiary data, strengthening local-level socialization, and establishing transparent complaint mechanisms to enhance the fairness and effectiveness of the PKH programme. Keywords: social stigma, Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH), poverty, symbolic interaction, aid distribution.