Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pulau Weh yang berada di wilayah paling ujung Barat Indonesia, merupakan sebuah wilayah kepulauan yang dinamis perkembangannya, baik dari sisi pembangunan (KAPET, KSN dan Pelabuhan Bebas (Free Port) maupun aktivitas sosial, ekonomi dan budaya masyarakatnya. Dinamika ini memberi dampak terhadap perubahan lanskap wilayah yang menpengaruhi ekosistem pulau kecil dan daya dukung lingkungan. Pulau Weh saat ini memiliki kawasan perkotaan yang lebih kecil dari kawasan non-perkotaan (pertanian, hutan dan lahan kosong) menyediakan berbagai layanan ekosistem budaya, yang bermanfaat bagi warga yang tinggal di kawasan kepulauan ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dinamika perubahan lanskap wilayah akibat perubahan fungsi lahan yang mempengaruhi jasa ekosistem budaya dan persepsi masyarakat tentang jasa ekosistem budaya di kawasan konservasi pulau Weh. Manfaat penelitian ini berkaitan dengan SDG’s tentang kota berkelanjutan (point 11), kota tanpa kemiskinan (point 1) dan climate change (point 13). Metode Penelitian diketegorikan dalam kuantitatif dan kualitatif (mixed methods), dimana untuk perubahan lahan dianalisis secara kuantitatif, sedangkan persepsi masyarakat dan hubungan lanskap wilayah berkaitan dengan jasa ekosistem budaya (JEB) akan dianalisis dengan metode kualitatif. Peta perubahan lahan yang bersumber dari Citra Satelit Lansat ArcGis 10.1 dianalisis dengan membandingkan peta perubahan lahan periode 2013-2023 untuk melihat dinamika perubahan tutupan lahan pada selama 10 tahun. Peta-peta lanskap wilayah hasil klasifikasi diuji akurasinya dengan menggunakan modul ERRMAT TerrSet 2020, secara stratified random sampling. Penelitian juga melakukan uji statistik dengan SPSS melalui pendekatan metode PCA untuk mengukur persepsi masyarakat terhadap nilai jasa ekosistem budaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan selama 10 tahun terjadi perubahan lahan lahan, meliputi areal hutan - kawasan terbangun 476 Ha, Lahan hutan - lahan pertanian 818 Ha. Lahan basah - lahan terbangun 425 Ha, Lahan basah-lahan pertanian 230 Ha., Lahan pertanian - lahan terbangun 298 Ha.dan Lahan kosong -lahan terbangun 128 Ha dan pertanian 166 Ha. Perubahan lanskap kawasan (tutupan lahan) belum signifikan mempengaruhi jasa ekosistem budaya (JEB), artinya kawasan konservasi cukup baik dalam memberikan layanan JEB bagi kehidupan sosial masyarakat Sabang. Berdasarkan persepsi masyarakat, bahwa keberadaan kawasan hutan konservasi di kota Sabang berkontribusi cukup signifikan pada nilai rekreasi, warisan budaya, estetika, pendidikan, hubungan sosial, keseharan, spiritual, lingkungan/ekologis dan wisata yang bermanfaat, sedangkan nilai mitigasi bencana tidak signifikan. Multifungsionalitas lanskap kawasan konservasi di pulau kecil menunjukkan bahwa lanskap dapat menyediakan berbagai jasa ekosistem budaya secara bersamaan, meskipun dengan intensitas yang berbeda-beda

Weh Island, situated at the westernmost point of Indonesia, is an archipelagic region characterized by dynamic development. This applies to both its regional development initiatives (KAPET, KSN, and Free Port) and the socio economic and cultural activities of its local communities. These dynamics drive changes in the regional landscape, subsequently affecting the small island ecosystem and its environmental carrying capacity. Currently, Weh Island, where urban areas are smaller in proportion compared to non-urban expanses (agriculture, forests, and barren lands), provides various cultural ecosystem services that benefit the inhabitants of this archipelago. This study aims to determine the dynamics of regional landscape alterations caused by land use changes that affect cultural ecosystem services (CES), as well as to assess public perception regarding CES within the conservation areas of Weh Island. The contributions of this research align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically No Poverty (Goal 1), Sustainable Cities and Communities (Goal 11), and Climate Action (Goal 13).The research employs a mixed methods approach. Land use changes were analyzed quantitatively, whereas public perception and the relationship between the regional landscape and CES were analyzed qualitatively. Landuse change maps, derived from Landsat Satellite Imagery and processed using ArcGIS 10.1, were analyzed by comparing spatial data from the 2013–2023 period to observe the dynamics of land cover change over a decade. The accuracy of the classified regional landscape maps was evaluated using the ERRMAT module in TerrSet 2020 through a stratified random sampling technique. Furthermore, statistical tests were conducted using SPSS via Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to measure public perception of CES values.The results indicate significant landuse conversions over the 10 year period, including the transition of forest areas to built up areas (476 ha) and forest lands to agricultural lands (818 ha). Additionally, wetlands were converted into built up areas (425 ha) and agricultural lands (230 ha). Agricultural lands transitioned into built up areas (298 ha), while barren lands were converted into built up areas (128 ha) and agricultural lands (166 ha). These changes in the regional landscape (land cover) have not significantly affected the CES. This implies that the conservation areas remain highly effective in providing CES that support the social well being of the Sabang community. Based on public perception, the presence of conservation forests in Sabang City contributes significantly to recreational, cultural heritage, aesthetic, educational, social relational, health, spiritual, environmental/ecological, and tourism values. However, its perceived value for disaster mitigation is not significant. The multifunctionality of conservation landscapes on small islands demonstrates that these landscapes can simultaneously provide various cultural ecosystem services, albeit at varying intensities.