Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Perkembangan jumlah penduduk di Indonesia yang tidak diimbangi dengan penyediaan hunian layak dan terjangkau mendorong munculnya permukiman kumuh, termasuk di kawasan pesisir yang memiliki kerentanan tinggi terhadap bencana lingkungan serta keterbatasan infrastruktur dasar. Namun, kawasan ini tetap menjadi pilihan bermukim yang menunjukkan bahwa preferensi bermukim tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh kondisi fisik, tetapi juga oleh faktor sosial dan ekonomi. Berdasarkan SK Walikota Lhokseumawe Nomor 246 Tahun 2024, Kawasan Kumuh Pusong di Kecamatan Banda Sakti merupakan salah satu kawasan kumuh terbesar di Kota Lhokseumawe dengan luas 19,28 ha sekitar 45,18% dari total kawasan kumuh dan jumlah penduduk 5.140 jiwa (1.279 KK). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik masyarakat dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi preferensi bermukim di kawasan kumuh pesisir. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dan kuesioner, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis faktor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik masyarakat didominasi perempuan (59%) dan usia produktif, terutama 35–44 tahun (33%) dan 45–54 tahun (31%), dengan tingkat pendidikan rendah (SD 34% dan SMP 29%). Mayoritas bekerja di sektor informal (ibu rumah tangga 29%, pedagang 26%, buruh 19%, nelayan 18%, dan 8% lainnya) dengan pendapatan Rp500.000–Rp1.500.000 per bulan, serta 58% memiliki lokasi kerja kurang dari 1 km dari tempat tinggal. Masyarakat juga memiliki keterikatan tinggi terhadap tempat tinggal, ditunjukkan oleh lama tinggal >20 tahun (85%) dan dominasi penduduk lokal (75%). Hasil analisis faktor menunjukkan bahwa preferensi bermukim dipengaruhi oleh empat faktor, yaitu keterikatan tempat (lama tinggal, pekerjaan, dan hubungan kekeluargaan) sebesar 29,814%, keterjangkauan ekonomi dan status hunian (pendapatan, keterjangkauan harga tanah, keterjangkauan biaya hidup, dan status kepemilikan rumah) sebesar 16,820%, aksesibilitas (jarak ke fasilitas umum, pusat kota, dan tempat kerja) sebesar 9,841%, serta kondisi sosial dan keamanan lingkungan (kesamaan suku/etnis, hubungan tetangga, dan keamanan) sebesar 9,343%.

Rapid population growth in Indonesia, which is not accompanied by the provision of adequate and affordable housing, has contributed to the emergence of slum settlements, including in coastal areas that are highly vulnerable to environmental hazards and characterized by limited basic infrastructure. Nevertheless, these areas remain preferred residential locations, indicating that residential preferences are influenced not only by physical conditions but also by social and economic factors. Based on the Decree of the Mayor of Lhokseumawe Number 246 of 2024, the Pusong Slum Area in Banda Sakti District is one of the largest slum areas in Lhokseumawe City, covering 19.28 hectares, or approximately 45.18% of the total slum area, with a population of 5,140 people (1,279 households). This study aims to identify the socio-demographic characteristics of the community and to analyze the factors influencing residential preferences in coastal slum settlements. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and questionnaires, and subsequently analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and factor analysis. The results indicate that the population is predominantly female (59%) and largely within the productive age group, particularly 35–44 years (33%) and 45–54 years (31%), with relatively low levels of educational attainment (34% elementary school and 29% junior high school). The majority of residents are employed in the informal sector, including housewives (29%), traders (26%), laborers (19%), fishermen (18%), and 8% in other occupations, with monthly incomes ranging from IDR 500,000 to IDR 1,500,000. Furthermore, 58% of residents have workplaces located within less than 1 km from their homes. The community also demonstrates a strong level of place attachment, as reflected by a length of residence exceeding 20 years (85%) and the predominance of local residents (75%). The results of the factor analysis reveal that residential preferences are influenced by four factors: place attachment (length of residence, occupation, and family ties), accounting for 29.814%, economic affordability and housing status (income, land price affordability, cost of living, and housing tenure), accounting for 16.820%, accessibility (distance to public facilities, the city center, and workplaces), accounting for 9.841%, and social and environmental security conditions (ethnic similarity, neighborhood relationships, and safety), accounting for 9.343%.