Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Kelor merupakan pohon tahunan yang tumbuh cepat dan tangguh yang dapat tumbuh subur di berbagai kondisi iklim dan edafik. Tanaman ini terkenal karena keserbagunaannya. Seluruh bagian tanaman kelor, yaitu daun, polong, biji, akar, dan bunga dapat dimanfaatkan di berbagai sektor seperti farmasi, kosmetik, pangan manusia, pakan ternak dan pengolahan air. Karena memiliki profil nutrisi yang kaya akan protein bernilai biologis tinggi, vitamin A dan C, antioksidan, asam lemak omega-3 dan memiliki kandungan mineral, kalsium, zat besi, kalium dan fosfor. Ultisol memiliki banyak permasalahan yaitu, kandungan bahan organik tanah sangat rendah, kemasaman tanah, kejenuhan basa kurang dari 35%, kejenuhan Al tinggi, KTK rendah, kandungan N, P dan K rendah serta sangat peka terhadap erosi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh naungan dan unsur hara makro terhadap kondisi iklim mikro dan pertumbuhan bibit kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) pada tanah ultisol. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan dan Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala yang dilaksanakan dari Januari hingga Mei 2026. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial (RAKF) split splot 2 x 6 yang terdiri 2 faktor dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama (petak utama) yaitu naungan yang terdiri 2 taraf yaitu tanpa naungan dan naungan. Faktor kedua (anak petak) yaitu unsur hara makro yang terdiri dari 6 taraf yaitu kontrol (tanpa pupuk), pupuk N:P:K (125:75:75 kg ha-1), pupuk N:P (125:75 kg ha-1), pupuk N:K (125:75 kg ha-1), pupuk P:K (75:75 kg ha-1), pupuk N (125 kg ha-1). Parameter yang diamati terbagi menjadi dua yaitu parameter agronomi dan iklim mikro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan naungan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap luas daun pada 10 MSPT, suhu tanah pada 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 dan 10 MSPT serta berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman pada 0 MSPT, suhu tanah pada 2 MSPT dan kelembaban tanah pada 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9 dan 10 MSPT. Pemberian naungan dapat menurunkan suhu udara 0,45℃ dan suhu tanah 1,3℃ serta meningkatkan kelembaban udara 2-3% dan kelembaban tanah 1% dibandingkan tanpa naungan dikarenakan intensitas cahaya matahari di bawah naungan lebih sedikit.Perlakuan unsur hara makro berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap kandungan klorofil 6, 8 dan 10 MSPT, luas daun 8 dan 10 MSPT, bobot basah akar, bobot basah daun, bobot berangkasan basah, bobot kering akar, bobot kering daun, bobot berangkasan kering dan kelembaban tanah pada 8 MSPT serta berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman pada 4 MSPT, diameter batang 4 MSPT, luas daun 6 MSPT kelembaban tanah 9 MSPT. Perlakuan terbaik umumnya terdapat pada perlakuan N:P:K (125:75:75 kg ha-1). Interaksi antara perlakuan naungan dan unsur hara makro tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap seluruh parameter pengamatan. Tajuk tanaman kelor mempengaruhi intensitas cahaya matahari, suhu dan kelembaban udara. Intensitas cahaya matahari dan suhu udara di bawah tajuk lebih rendah dibanding di atas tajuk serta kelembaban udara di bawah tajuk lebih tinggi dibandingkan di atas tajuk.

Moringa is a fast-growing, hardy perennial tree that thrives in a variety of climatic and soil conditions. This plant is renowned for its versatility. All parts of the moringa plant—including the leaves, pods, seeds, roots, and flowers—can be utilized in various sectors such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, human food, animal feed, and water treatment. This is because it has a rich nutritional profile, including high-biological-value protein, vitamins A and C, antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and minerals such as calcium, iron, potassium, and phosphorus. Ultisols present numerous challenges, including very low soil organic matter content, soil acidity, base saturation below 35%, high aluminum saturation, low cation exchange capacity (CEC), low N, P, and K content, and high susceptibility to erosion. This study aims to determine the effects of shading and macronutrients on the microclimate and growth of moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) seedlings in ultisol soil. This study was conducted at the Experimental Garden and Seed Science and Technology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, from January to May 2026. The study employed a 2 × 6 split-plot factorial randomized block design (RAKF) consisting of two factors with three replications. The first factor (main plot) was shading, with two levels: no shading and shading. The second factor (subplot) consisted of macronutrient treatments at six levels: control (no fertilizer), N:P:K fertilizer (125:75:75 kg ha⁻¹), N:P fertilizer (125:75 kg ha⁻¹), N:K fertilizer (125:75 kg ha⁻¹), P:K fertilizer (75:75 kg ha⁻¹), and N fertilizer (125 kg ha⁻¹). The observed parameters were categorized into two groups: agronomic parameters and microclimate parameters. The results showed that the shading treatment had a highly significant effect on leaf area at 10 weeks after transplanting (WAT) and on soil temperature at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 WAT; it also had a significant effect on plant height at 0 WAT, soil temperature at 2 WAT, and soil moisture at 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, and 10 WAT. Providing shade reduced air temperature by 0.45°C and soil temperature by 1.3°C, while increasing air humidity by 2–3% and soil humidity by 1% compared to unshaded conditions, due to the lower solar light intensity beneath the shade. Macro-nutrient treatments had a highly significant effect on chlorophyll content (at 6, 8, and 10 weeks after transplanting/WAT), leaf area (at 8 and 10 WAT), root fresh weight, leaf fresh weight, total fresh biomass, root dry weight, leaf dry weight, total dry biomass, and soil humidity (at 8 WAT); they also significantly affected plant height (at 4 WAT), stem diameter (at 4 WAT), leaf area (at 6 WAT), and soil humidity (at 9 WAT). The best results were generally observed with the N:P:K treatment (125:75:75 kg ha⁻¹). The interaction between shading treatments and macronutrients did not have a significant effect on any of the observed parameters. The moringa plant canopy influenced sunlight intensity, air temperature, and air humidity. Sunlight intensity and air temperature were lower beneath the canopy than above it, whereas air humidity was higher beneath the canopy than above it.