Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Kesuburan tanah menjadi hambatan utama di lahan pertanian. Hal ini dikarenakan tingginya pencucian hara dan kehilangan bahan organik di daerah tropis yang berdampak pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman. Penambahan biofertilizer dan bahan organik berupa biochar dan kompos dapat meningkatkan retensi hara dan air untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tanaman selama fase pertumbuhan dan pembentukan tongkol dan biji. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca II, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala dengan rancangan split split plot design 3 x 2 x 2. Biofertilizer sebagai petak utama terdiri dari tanpa biofertilizer, mikoriza 40 g + biochar 5 t ha-1 dan ekofarm 15 mL L-1 + kompos 5 t ha-1. Populasi sebagai anak petak terdiri dari 1 tanaman polybag-1 dan 2 tanaman polybag-1. Varietas sebagai anak dari anak petak terdiri dari varietas Bisi 2 dan pioneer P35. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Januari hingga April 2026. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Interaksi antara biofertilizer dan populasi berpengaruh terhadap jumlah daun 49 HST, diameter batang 49 HST, luas daun, luas daun total per tanaman, berat brangkasan kering, berat tongkol, berat pipilan kering per tanaman dan potensi hasil. Pertumbuhan terbaik terdapat pada kombinasi perlakuan ekofarm 15 mL L-1 + kompos 5 t ha⁻¹ dengan populasi 2 tanaman polybag⁻¹ berdasarkan parameter berat brangkasan kering. Hasil terbaik terdapat pada kombinasi perlakuan mikoriza 40 g + biochar 5 t ha⁻¹ dengan populasi 1 tanaman polybag⁻¹ berdasarkan parameter berat pipilan kering dengan hasil 21,37 g tanaman-1. Interaksi antara biofertilizer dan varietas berpengaruh terhadap diameter batang 28 HST, luas daun, luas daun total per tanaman, berat tongkol, berat pipilan kering per tanaman dan potensi hasil. Pertumbuhan terbaik terdapat pada kombinasi perlakuan mikoriza 40 g + biochar 5 t ha⁻¹ dengan varietas Bisi 2 berdasarkan parameter luas daun total per tanaman. Hasil terbaik terdapat pada kombinasi perlakuan tanpa biofertilizer dengan varietas Pioneer P35 berdasarkan parameter berat pipilan kering dengan hasil 16,39 g tanaman-1. Interaksi antara populasi dan varietas berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman 56 HST, Jumlah Daun 35 HST, luas daun, luas daun total per tanaman, berat tongkol, berat pipilan kering per tanaman dan potensi hasil. Pertumbuhan terbaik terdapat pada kombinasi perlakuan 1 tanaman polybag⁻¹ dengan varietas Bisi 2 berdasarkan parameter luas daun total per tanaman. Hasil terbaik terdapat pada kombinasi perlakuan 1 tanaman polybag⁻¹ dengan varietas Pioneer P35 berdasarkan parameter berat pipilan kering dengan hasil 20,51 g tanaman-1. Interaksi biofertilizer, populasi dan varietas berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman 49 HST, luas daun, berat tongkol, berat pipilan kering per tanaman dan potensi hasil. Pertumbuhan terbaik terdapat pada kombinasi perlakuan mikoriza 40 g + biochar 5 t ha⁻¹, populasi 1 tanaman polybag⁻¹ dan varietas pioneer P35 berdasarkan parameter tinggi tanaman. Pertumbuhan terbaik juga terdapat pada kombinasi perlakuan mikoriza 40 g + biochar 5 t ha⁻¹, populasi 1 tanaman polybag⁻¹ dan Bisi 2 berdasarkan parameter luas daun. Hasil terbaik terdapat pada kombinasi perlakuan tanpa biofertilizer, populasi 1 tanaman polybag⁻¹ dan varietas pioneer P35 berdasarkan parameter berat pipilan kering dengan hasil 22,67 g tanaman-1.

Soil fertility is a major constraint in agricultural land. This is due to high nutrient leaching and loss of organic matter in tropical regions, which adversely affect crop growth and yield. The addition of biofertilizers and organic matter, such as biochar and compost, can improve nutrient and water retention to meet plant needs during the growth phase and the cob and seed formation stages. The study was conducted in Greenhouse II, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, using a 3 x 2 x 2 split-split-plot design. The main plots for biofertilizer treatment consisted of: no biofertilizer; 40 g of mycorrhizae + 5 t ha⁻¹ of biochar; and 15 mL L⁻¹ of Ekofarm + 5 t ha⁻¹ of compost. Plant density, as the subplot factor, consisted of 1 plant per polybag and 2 plants per polybag. Variety, as a sub-subplot factor, consisted of the Bisi 2 and Pioneer P35 varieties. The study was conducted from January to April 2026. The results showed that the interaction between biofertilizer and plant population affected the number of leaves at 49 days after sowing (DAS), stem diameter at 49 DAS, leaf area, total leaf area per plant, dry stalk weight, cob weight, dry kernel weight per plant, and yield potential. The best growth was observed in the treatment combination of 15 mL L⁻¹ of Ekofarm + 5 t ha⁻¹ of compost with a planting density of 2 plants per polybag, as measured by dry stalk weight. The highest yield was observed in the treatment combination of 40 g of mycorrhiza + 5 t ha⁻¹ of biochar with a planting density of 1 plant per polybag, as measured by dry kernel weight, yielding 21.37 g plant⁻¹. The interaction between biofertilizer and variety affected stem diameter at 28 HST, leaf area, total leaf area per plant, cob weight, dry kernel weight per plant, and yield potential. The best growth was observed in the treatment combination of 40 g of mycorrhiza + 5 t ha⁻¹ of biochar with the Bisi 2 variety, as measured by total leaf area per plant. The best yield was observed in the treatment combination without biofertilizer using the Pioneer P35 variety, as measured by dry kernel weight, yielding 16.39 g plant⁻¹. The interaction between planting density and variety affected plant height at 56 days after sowing (DAS), number of leaves at 35 DAS, leaf area, total leaf area per plant, cob weight, dry kernel weight per plant, and yield potential. The best growth was observed in the treatment combination of 1 plant per polybag with the Bisi 2 variety, as measured by total leaf area per plant. The highest yield was observed in the treatment combination of 1 plant per polybag with the Pioneer P35 variety, as measured by dry kernel weight at 20.51 g per plant. The interaction among biofertilizer, planting density, and variety affected plant height at 49 days after sowing, leaf area, cob weight, dry kernel weight per plant, and yield potential. The best growth was observed in the treatment combination of 40 g of mycorrhiza + 5 t ha⁻¹ of biochar, a planting density of 1 plant per polybag, and the Pioneer P35 variety, as measured by plant height. The best growth was also observed in the treatment combination of 40 g of mycorrhiza + 5 t ha⁻¹ of biochar, a planting density of 1 plant per polybag, and the Bisi 2 variety, as measured by leaf area. The highest yield was observed in the treatment combination without biofertilizer, a planting density of 1 plant per polybag, and the Pioneer P35 variety, as measured by dry shelled seed weight, with a yield of 22.67 g per plant.