Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Ekstrak Daun nimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif yang berpotensi memiliki sifat antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun A. indica serta kualitas fisik formulasi sabun cair terhadap Escherichia coli. Ekstrak diperoleh melalui proses maserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut n-heksana dan metanol, menghasilkan rendemen masing-masing sebesar 0,918% dan 6,59%. Ekstrak yang menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri kemudian diformulasikan ke dalam sediaan sabun cair. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan secara kuantitatif menggunakan metode difusi cakram, sedangkan evaluasi kualitas fisik meliputi pengujian organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, tinggi busa, dan viskositas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak n-heksana tidak menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri, sedangkan ekstrak metanol menghasilkan diameter zona hambat (Ø) antara 5,84 ± 0,21 mm hingga 6,83 ± 0,10 mm dengan persentase aktivitas sebesar 20-23%. Formulasi sabun cair yang mengandung ekstrak daun A. indica menghasilkan diameter zona hambat (Ø) antara 11,68 ± 1,46 mm hingga 15,14 ± 0,96 mm dengan persentase aktivitas sebesar 41-53%, dengan aktivitas optimal pada konsentrasi 1%. Semua formulasi memenuhi persyaratan SNI 06-4085-1996 berdasarkan parameter organoleptik, homogenitas, pH (8,43-9,72), tinggi busa (6,0-7,5 cm), dan viskositas (401,2-401,7 cP). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun A. indica berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan aktif dalam sabun cair antibakteri untuk perawatan kulit.

Kata kunci: Azadirachta indica A. Juss., ekstrak daun neem, Escherichia coli, antibakterial, sabun cair.

Neem leaf (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) extract contains various bioactive compounds with potential antibacterial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of A. indica leaf extract and the physical quality of its liquid soap formulation against Escherichia coli. The extracts were obtained through maceration using n-hexane and methanol as extraction solvents, yielding extraction recoveries of 0.918% and 6.59%, respectively. The extract exhibiting antibacterial activity was subsequently formulated into a liquid soap preparation. Antibacterial activity was quantitatively evaluated using the disc diffusion method, while the physical quality of the formulation was assessed through organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, foam height, and viscosity tests. The results showed that the n-hexane extract exhibited no antibacterial activity, whereas the methanolic extract produced inhibitory zonw diameter (Ø) ranging from 5.84 ± 0.21 mm to 6.83 ± 0.10 mm, corresponding to antibacterial activities of 20–23%. The liquid soap formulations containing A. indica leaf extract produced inhibitory zonw diameter (Ø ranging from 11.68 ± 1.46 mm to 15.14 ± 0.96 mm, corresponding to antibacterial activities of 41–53%, with the optimum activity observed at a 1% extract concentration. All formulations complied with the requirements of Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 06-4085-1996 based on organoleptic characteristics, homogeneity, pH (8.43–9.72), foam height (6.0–7.5 cm), and viscosity (401.2–401.7 cP). These findings demonstrate that A. indica leaf extract has the potential to be developed as an active ingredient in antibacterial liquid soap formulations for skin care applications. Keywords: Azadirachta indica A. Juss.; neem leaf extract; Escherichia coli; antibacterial activity; liquid soap.