Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Radiografi umum merupakan salah satu modalitas pencitraan diagnostik yang paling banyak digunakan dalam pelayanan kesehatan karena mampu menghasilkan citra anatomi secara cepat dan akurat. Penggunaan sinar-X sebagai radiasi pengion menuntut penerapan proteksi radiasi yang optimal guna menjamin keselamatan pasien, pekerja radiasi, dan masyarakat umum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi sistem proteksi radiasi pada ruang radiografi umum berdasarkan nilai Incident Air Kerma (IAK), Entrance Surface Air Kerma (ESAK), serta sebaran radiasi hambur yang dihasilkan selama pemeriksaan radiografi. Penelitian dilakukan di ruang radiografi umum rumah sakit tipe A di Kota Banda Aceh menggunakan data pemeriksaan thoraks dan abdomen pada pasien berusia di atas 15 tahun. Nilai IAK dihitung berdasarkan data keluaran tabung sinar-X dan parameter eksposi, sedangkan nilai ESAK diperoleh dengan memperhitungkan Backscatter Factor (BSF). Analisis sebaran radiasi hambur dilakukan menggunakan fantom sebagai simulasi pasien dan surveymeter pada 13 titik pengukuran, kemudian divisualisasikan dalam bentuk peta kontur isodosis menggunakan perangkat lunak Surfer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata IAK dan ESAK pada pemeriksaan thoraks masing-masing sebesar 0,07 mGy dan 0,09 mGy, sedangkan pada pemeriksaan abdomen sebesar 0,21 mGy dan 0,29 mGy. Seluruh nilai tersebut masih berada di bawah tingkat panduan diagnostik (Diagnostic Reference Level/DRL) yang direkomendasikan BAPETEN. Laju dosis radiasi hambur tertinggi yang terukur sebesar 2,968 µSv/h, sedangkan area kerja radiografer di balik shielding menunjukkan laju dosis 0 µSv/h. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, sistem proteksi radiasi pada ruang radiografi umum yang diteliti telah berfungsi secara efektif dan memenuhi prinsip keselamatan radiasi.

Kata Kunci: ESAK, IAK, proteksi radiasi, radiografi umum, radiasi hambur

General radiography is one of the most widely used diagnostic imaging modalities in healthcare services due to its ability to produce anatomical images quickly and accurately. The use of X-rays as ionizing radiation requires the implementation of optimal radiation protection measures to ensure the safety of patients, radiation workers, and the general public. This study aimed to evaluate the radiation protection system in a general radiography room based on the values of Incident Air Kerma (IAK), Entrance Surface Air Kerma (ESAK), and the distribution of scattered radiation generated during radiographic examinations. The study was conducted in the general radiography unit of a Type A hospital in Banda Aceh using thorax and abdomen examination data from patients aged over 15 years. IAK values were calculated based on X-ray tube output data and exposure parameters, while ESAK values were obtained by applying the Backscatter Factor (BSF). Scatter radiation distribution was analyzed using a phantom as a patient simulation and a survey meter at 13 measurement points, and then visualized as an isodose contour map using Surfer software. The results showed that the average IAK and ESAK values for thorax examinations were 0.07 mGy and 0.09 mGy, respectively, while those for abdomen examinations were 0.21 mGy and 0.29 mGy. All calculated values were below the Diagnostic Reference Level (DRL) recommended by BAPETEN. The highest measured scatter radiation dose rate was 2.968 µSv/h, whereas the radiographer’s working area behind the shielding showed a dose rate of 0 µSv/h. Based on these findings, the radiation protection system in the investigated general radiography room was considered effective and compliant with radiation safety principles. Keywords: ESAK, IAK, radiation protection, general radiography, scattered radiation