Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Limbah plastik yang sulit terurai dan pemanfaatan ampas kopi yang masih terbatas mendorong pengembangan material ramah lingkungan sebagai alternatif pengganti plastik konvensional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat film biokomposit berbahan dasar Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA), ampas kopi, dan gliserol serta menganalisis pengaruh variasi konsentrasi ampas kopi terhadap sifat mekanik dan biodegradabilitas film. Film biokomposit dibuat menggunakan metode casting dengan variasi ampas kopi 1%, 3%, dan 5%. Karakterisasi dilakukan melalui pengujian tarik, pengujian sobek, dan uji biodegradabilitas menggunakan metode soil burial test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi ampas kopi cenderung menurunkan kekuatan tarik dan ketahanan sobek film. Kekuatan tarik tertinggi diperoleh pada variasi ampas kopi 1% sebesar 1,53 MPa, sedangkan modulus elastisitas tertinggi diperoleh pada variasi 3% sebesar 14,47 MPa. Penurunan sifat mekanik dipengaruhi oleh distribusi partikel ampas kopi yang kurang homogen, aglomerasi partikel, serta ukuran partikel yang belum mencapai skala nano. Hasil uji biodegradabilitas menunjukkan seluruh sampel mengalami kehilangan massa sebesar 100% setelah satu hari penguburan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, film biokomposit berbasis PVA, ampas kopi, dan gliserol memiliki potensi sebagai material biodegradable yang ramah lingkungan.
Kata kunci: PVA, Ampas Kopi, Gliserol, Biodegradable, Biokomposit

The persistence of plastic waste and the limited utilization of spent coffee grounds have driven the development of eco-friendly materials as alternatives to conventional plastics. This study aimed to fabricate biocomposite films based on Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA), spent coffee grounds, and glycerol, and to analyze the effect of varying spent coffee ground concentrations on the films' mechanical properties and biodegradability. The biocomposite films were produced using the casting method with spent coffee ground concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5%. Characterization was performed through tensile testing, tear testing, and biodegradability assessment using the soil burial test method. The results indicated that increasing the concentration of spent coffee grounds tended to reduce the films' tensile strength and tear resistance. The highest tensile strength (1.53 MPa) was observed at the 1% concentration, while the highest modulus of elasticity (14.47 MPa) was achieved at the 3% concentration. The decline in mechanical properties was attributed to the non-homogeneous distribution of spent coffee ground particles, particle agglomeration, and particle sizes that had not reached the nanoscale. Biodegradability test results showed that all samples experienced a 100% mass loss after one day of burial. Based on these findings, biocomposite films based on PVA, spent coffee grounds, and glycerol demonstrate potential as eco-friendly, biodegradable materials. Keywords: PVA, Spent Coffee Grounds, Glycerol, Biodegradable, Biocomposite