Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Bacillus subtilis mendegradasi komponen keringat secara biokimia yang mengakibatkan terjadinya Bromodosis, sehingga pengembangan agen antibakteri alami dari daun harendong bulu (Clidemia hirta) diperlukan untuk mengurangi ketergantungan dan risiko resistensi terhadap antibiotik sintetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun C. hirta terhadap kedua bakteri uji serta mengidentifikasi kandungan metabolit sekunder. Tahapan metode meliputi pengumpulan dan determinasi tumbuhan, penyiapan simplisia, ekstraksi secara maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%, karakterisasi fisika-kimia simplisia dan ekstrak (kadar air, kadar abu, kadar abu tidak larut asam, serta kadar sari larut air dan etanol), serta skrining fitokimia. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram pada media Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) menggunakan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, dan 25%. Dimetil sulfoksida (DMSO) 1% digunakan sebagai kontrol negatif, sedangkan Clindamycin 1% dan Ciprofloxasin disk 5 µm ditetapkan sebagai kontrol positif. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan ekstrak memenuhi parameter mutu simplisia, sementara skrining fitokimia mengonfirmasi keberadaan alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan terpenoid. Uji antibakteri menunjukkan pola penghambatan yang bersifat dose-dependent, dimana B. subtilis menunjukkan kerentanan lebih tinggi dibandingkan S.epidermidis. Ekstrak C. hirta menghasilkan zona hambat kategori sedang pada konsentrasi 5–15% (7,31–9,22 mm) dan kategori kuat pada 20–25% (10,56–13,27 mm) terhadap S. epidermidis. Adapun pada B. subtilis, kategori kuat telah tercapai mulai dari konsentrasi 15% (10,46–16,35 mm). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun C. hirta memiliki potensi yang signifikan sebagai agen antibakteri alami yang efektif dalam penanganan bromodosis.

Kata Kunci: Antibakteri, Bromodosis, C. hirta, S. epidermidis, B. subtilis, difusi cakram

The bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis biochemically degrade sweat components, which can cause bromodosis, necessitating the development of natural antibacterial agents from harendong bulu leaves (Clidemia hirta) to reduce dependence on and the risk of resistance to synthetic antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of C. hirta leaves against both test bacteria and to identify its secondary metabolite profile. The methodology involved plant collection and determination, simplicia preparation, maceration extraction using 96% ethanol, physicochemical characterization of the extract (moisture content, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, water-soluble extractive, and ethanol-soluble extractive), and qualitative phytochemical screening. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) with extract concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 1% served as the negative control, while 1% Clindamycin and a 5 µg Ciprofloxacin disk were used as positive controls. Characterization results indicated that the extract met simplicia quality standards, and phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids. The antibacterial assay revealed a dose-dependent inhibition pattern, with B. subtilis showing higher susceptibility than S. epidermidis. Against S. epidermidis, the C. hirta extract yielded moderate inhibition zones at 5–15% concentrations (7.31–9.22 mm) and strong inhibition at 20–25% (10.56–13.27 mm). For B. subtilis, strong inhibition was achieved starting at 15% concentration (10.46–16.35 mm). It is concluded that the ethanol extract of C. hirta leaves holds significant potential as an effective natural antibacterial agent for the management of bromodosis. Keywords: Antibacterial, Bromodosis, C. hirta, S. epidermidis, B. subtilis, disk diffusion.