Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Budidaya padi menghadapi tantangan berupa kekeringan dan penurunan kesuburan tanah yang menyebabkan produktivitas menurun. Oleh karena itu, pendekatan pertanian cerdas iklim diterapkan melalui penggunaan amandemen organik dan sistem pengairan yang efisien untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah, mengoptimalkan penggunaan air dan meningkatkan produktivitas padi. Penanaman varietas unggul, pengunaan amandemen dan sistem pengairan intermiten diterapkan pada penelitian yang disusun dengan rancangan split split plot desain 3x2x2 dengan 3 ulangan. Varietas ditempatkan pada petak utama yaitu varietas Ciherang, Varietas INPAGO 12 Agritan dan Sigupai AU 11. Aplikasi amandemen menjadi anak petak terdiri dari kompos, kompos + biochar. Sistem pengairan menjadi anak dari anak petak yang terdiri dari pengairan digenangi terus menerus dan pengairan intermiten. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil padi dari fase vegetative sampai panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interaksi antara varietas dan amandemen organik berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman (28 dan 49 HST), jumlah malai, berat biji berisi permalai, berat biji berisi per rumpun, potensi hasil, berat akar kering dan berat tajuk kering. Varietas INPAGO 12 Agritan dengan perlakuan kompos menghasilkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah malai dan berat tajuk kering tertinggi, sementara varietas Ciherang dengan kompos + biochar menghasilkan berat akar kering tertinggi. Pertumbuhan tanaman terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan INPAGO 12 Agritan yang diberikan kompos 50 g per pot lebih tinggi dibanding yang diberikan campuran kompos 25 g per pot biochar 25 g per pot, sedangkan untuk varietas Ciherang pertumbuhannya sama untuk yang mendapatkan aplikasi kompos 50 g per pot dan yang mendapatkan aplikasi kompos 25 g per pot dan biochar 25 g per pot, sedangkan untuk varietas Sigupai AU 11 pertumbuhannya lebih baik pada yang mendapatkan aplikasi kompos 50 g per pot dibanding yang aplikasi kompos 25 g per pot biochar 25 g per pot. Potensi hasil tertinggi yaitu interaksi antara varietas dan sistem pengairan berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah anakan, berat biji berisi permalai dan berat akar kering. Varietas Sigupai AU 11 dengan pengairan intermiten menghasilkan berat biji berisi permalai tertinggi, sedangkan varietas Ciherang dengan pengairan digenangi terus menerus menghasilkan berat akar kering tertinggi. Interaksi antara amandemen organik dan sistem pengairan berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman dan berat akar kering. Perlakuan kompos dengan pengairan intermiten menghasilkan berat akar kering yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Interaksi antara varietas, amandemen organik dan sistem pengairan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman (28, 35 dan 42 HST), jumlah daun 21 HST, berat biji berisi permalai dan berat akar kering. Kombinasi perlakuan terbaik untuk berat biji berisi permalai tertinggi diperoleh pada varietas Sigupai AU 11 dengan kompos + biochar dan pengairan intermiten.
Aplikasi biochar dan kompos secara tunggal maupun campuran dapat meningkatkan ketahanan padi terhadap setres kekeringan pada sistem pengairan intermiten secara spesifik untuk masing masing varietas padi. Pendekatan ini dapat memitigasi dampak kekeringan pada tanaman padi sistem budidaya tanaman padi cerdas iklim.

Rice cultivation faces challenges in the form of drought and decreased soil fertility which causes decreased productivity. Therefore, a climate-smart agricultural approach is applied through the use of organic amendments and efficient irrigation systems to improve soil fertility, optimize water use and increase rice productivity. Planting superior varieties, the use of amendments and intermittent irrigation systems were applied in the study which was arranged with a 3x2x2 split plot design with 3 replications. Varieties placed in the main plot were Ciherang variety, INPAGO 12 Agritan variety and Sigupai AU 11. The application of amendments to subplots consisted of compost, compost + biochar. The irrigation system became a subplot consisting of continuous flooded irrigation and intermittent irrigation. Observations were made on the growth and yield of rice from the vegetative phase to harvest. The results showed that the interaction between varieties and organic amendments had a very significant effect on plant height (28 and 49 days after planting), number of panicles, weight of filled seeds per panicle, weight of filled seeds per hill, yield potential, dry root weight and dry shoot weight. INPAGO 12 Agritan variety with compost treatment produced the highest plant height, number of panicles and dry shoot weight, while Ciherang variety with compost + biochar produced the highest dry root weight. The best plant growth was found in INPAGO 12 Agritan treatment given 50 g of compost per pot higher than that given a mixture of 25 g of compost per pot biochar 25 g per pot, while for Ciherang variety the growth was the same for those who received 50 g of compost per pot and those who received 25 g of compost per pot and 25 g of biochar per pot, while for Sigupai AU 11 variety the growth was better in those who received 50 g of compost per pot application than those who received 25 g of compost per pot biochar 25 g per pot application. The highest yield potential, namely the interaction between varieties and irrigation systems, significantly affected plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, weight of seeds filled with panicles and dry root weight. The Sigupai AU 11 variety, subjected to intermittent irrigation, produced the highest weight of seeds containing panicles, while the Ciherang variety, subjected to continuous flooding, produced the highest weight of dry roots. The interaction between organic amendments and the irrigation system significantly affected plant height and dry root weight. The compost treatment with intermittent irrigation resulted in higher dry root weight compared to the other treatments. The interaction between variety, organic amendment, and irrigation system significantly affected plant height (28, 35, and 42 days after planting), leaf number at 21 days after planting, weight of seeds containing panicles, and dry root weight. The best treatment combination for the highest weight of seeds containing panicles was obtained with the Sigupai AU 11 variety, which combined compost and biochar with intermittent irrigation. Application of biochar and compost, either singly or in combination, can increase rice resistance to drought stress in intermittent irrigation systems, specifically for each rice variety. This approach can mitigate the impact of drought on rice plants in climate-smart rice cultivation systems.