Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Peningkatan kebutuhan energi listrik akibat pertumbuhan penduduk dan aktivitas ekonomi menyebabkan beban pada transformator distribusi ada yang melebihi kapasitas kerjanya. Kondisi ini dapat menimbulkan penurunan tegangan dan meningkatkan rugi-rugi daya pada jaringan distribusi. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini menerapkan penempatan transformator sisipan sebagai solusi teknis guna membagi beban transformator utama sehingga pembebanan menjadi lebih merata. Analisis dilakukan melalui perhitungan teknis dan simulasi aliran daya menggunakan perangkat lunak ETAP dan MATLAB untuk mengevaluasi pembebanan transformator, profil tegangan, serta rugi-rugi daya aktif sebelum dan sesudah penempatan transformator sisipan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Gardu Distribusi IJY046-00 Penyulang Lubuk di wilayah kerja PT. PLN (Persero) ULP Lambaro yang pada tahun 2025 mengalami pembebanan sebesar 120,99%, melebihi batas standar PT. PLN (Persero), yaitu 80% dari kapasitas nominal transformator. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa transformator berkapasitas 50 kVA tersebut melayani beban sebesar 60,5 kVA sehingga berada dalam kondisi overload. Selain itu, profil tegangan pada beberapa bus belum memenuhi standar dengan tegangan terendah sebesar 0,8944 pu dan total rugi-rugi daya aktif mencapai 6,1756 kW. Setelah dilakukan penempatan transformator sisipan, pembebanan transformator utama menurun menjadi 64,2%, profil tegangan meningkat sehingga berada pada rentang 0,95–1,00 pu, dan total rugi-rugi daya aktif berkurang menjadi 2,7319 kW. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penempatan transformator sisipan efektif dalam mengatasi overload transformator, memperbaiki profil tegangan, dan mengurangi rugi-rugi daya aktif pada jaringan distribusi.

The increasing demand for electrical energy due to population growth and economic activities has caused some distribution transformers to operate beyond their rated capacity. This condition can lead to voltage drops and increased power losses in the distribution network. To address this issue, this study proposes the installation of an additional distribution transformer as a technical solution to redistribute the load on the main transformer, thereby achieving a more balanced load distribution. The analysis was carried out through technical calculations and power flow simulations using ETAP and MATLAB software to evaluate transformer loading, voltage profile, and active power losses before and after the installation of the additional transformer. The research was conducted on the IJY046-00 distribution transformer of the Lubuk Feeder in the service area of PT PLN (Persero) ULP Lambaro, which experienced a loading level of 120.99% in 2025, exceeding the standard limit established by PT PLN (Persero), namely 80% of the transformer's rated capacity. The analysis results showed that the 50 kVA transformer supplied a total load of 60.5 kVA, indicating an overload condition. In addition, the voltage profile at several buses did not comply with the standard, with the minimum voltage reaching 0.8944 pu, while the total active power losses amounted to 6.1756 kW. After the installation of the additional distribution transformer, the loading of the main transformer decreased to 64.2%, the voltage profile improved to within the acceptable range of 0.95–1.00 pu, and the total active power losses were reduced to 2.7319 kW. These results demonstrate that the installation of an additional distribution transformer is effective in mitigating transformer overloading, improving the voltage profile, and reducing active power losses in the distribution network.