Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Hutan alam dataran tinggi di Provinsi Aceh berperan penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan
ekosistem, keanekaragaman hayati, dan fungsi hidrologis. Namun, berbagai aktivitas
antropogenik, seperti penebangan liar, perambahan hutan, perladangan berpindah, dan
penggembalaan liar, berpotensi menurunkan kesehatan pohon serta kualitas ekosistem
hutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai status kesehatan pohon dan mengidentifikasi
faktor antropogenik yang dominan memengaruhi kesehatan pohon pada hutan alam kawasan
hutan produksi dan hutan adat di dataran tinggi Provinsi Aceh. Penelitian dilaksanakan di
hutan alam kawasan hutan produksi PT. Tusam Hutani Lestari, Desa Karang Ampar,
Kabupaten Aceh Tengah, dan hutan alam kawasan hutan adat Desa Beungga, Kabupaten
Pidie. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Penilaian kesehatan
pohon dilakukan dengan metode Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) melalui pengukuran Tree
Damage Level Index (TDLI) dan Visual Crown Rating (VCR), sedangkan faktor
antropogenik dianalisis melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara, dan kuesioner skala Likert
terhadap 80 responden yang dipilih secara purposive dan snowball sampling. Hasil
penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi kesehatan pohon pada kedua lokasi tergolong baik.
Hutan produksi Desa Karang Ampar memiliki nilai kesehatan rata-rata 6,3 (kategori sehat),
sedangkan hutan adat Desa Beungga memperoleh nilai rata-rata 6,7 (kategori sangat sehat).
Pada hutan produksi, klaster 3 memiliki nilai kesehatan terendah (5) yang diduga
dipengaruhi oleh kedekatannya dengan permukiman, sedangkan seluruh klaster di hutan adat
menunjukkan kategori sangat sehat. Faktor antropogenik yang paling dominan pada kedua
lokasi adalah penebangan liar, diikuti perambahan hutan, dengan bentuk kerusakan pohon
yang paling banyak ditemukan berupa luka terbuka pada batang akibat aktivitas manusia.

Kata kunci: Forest Health Monitoring (FHM), Faktor Antropogenik, Kesehatan Pohon,
Hutan Adat, Hutan Produksi, Aceh.

Highland natural forests in Aceh Province play a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem balance, biodiversity, and hydrological functions. However, various anthropogenic activities, including illegal logging, forest encroachment, shifting cultivation, and uncontrolled livestock grazing, have the potential to reduce tree health and degrade forest ecosystem quality. This study aimed to assess tree health status and identify the dominant anthropogenic factors affecting tree health in natural production forests and customary forests in the highlands of Aceh Province. The research was conducted in the natural production forest of PT Tusam Hutani Lestari, Karang Ampar Village, Central Aceh Regency, and the customary natural forest of Beungga Village, Pidie Regency. A mixed method approach combining quantitative and qualitative techniques was employed. Tree health was evaluated using the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method through the Tree Damage Level Index (TDLI) and Visual Crown Rating (VCR). Anthropogenic factors were analyzed through field observations, interviews, and Likert-scale questionnaires administered to 80 respondents selected using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The results showed that tree health conditions at both study sites were generally good. The production forest in Karang Ampar Village had an average tree health score of 6.3 (healthy category), while the customary forest in Beungga Village achieved an average score of 6.7 (very healthy category). In the production forest, Cluster 3 recorded the lowest tree health score (5), which was presumed to be associated with its proximity to human settlements, whereas all clusters in the customary forest were classified as very healthy. Illegal logging was identified as the most dominant anthropogenic factor affecting both study sites, followed by forest encroachment. The most frequently observed form of tree damage was open wounds on tree stems caused by human activities. Keywords: Aceh, Anthropogenic Factors, Customary Forest, Forest Health Monitoring (FHM), Tree Health, Production Forest.