Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Ekosistem mangrove merupakan salah satu ekosistem pesisir yang memiliki peranan penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan lingkungan, seperti melindungi pantai dari abrasi, menjadi habitat berbagai biota, serta berfungsi sebagai penyerap karbon. Namun ekosistem mangrove sangat rentan terhadap gangguan alam maupun aktivitas manusia. Tsunami Aceh tahun 2004 menyebabkan kerusakan besar pada wilayah pesisir, termasuk ekosistem mangrove di Kabupaten Aceh Jaya. Peristiwa tersebut mengakibatkan perubahan tutupan lahan pesisir seperti hilangnya vegetasi mangrove serta meningkatnya badan air dan lahan terbuka. Oleh karena itu, analisis perubahan tutupan lahan dan sebaran mangrove perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui dampak tsunami serta perkembangan ekosistem mangrove di wilayah pesisir Kabupaten Aceh Jaya. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan citra satelit tahun 2004, 2005, 2015, dan 2025 yang kemudian diklasifikasikan secara terbimbing dengan menggunakan metode Maximum Likehood Classification (MLC). Tahapan penelitian meliputi pengolahan citra, klasifikasi tutupan lahan, analisis perubahan tutupan mangrove, serta analisis sebaran mangrove pada tingkat kecamatan. Uji akurasi dilakukan menggunakan metode error matrix dengan membandingkan hasil klasifikasi citra dengan data lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tutupan lahan di Kabupaten Aceh Jaya mengalami perubahan yang signifikan setelah tsunami 2004. Pada tahun 2004, tutupan lahan didominasi oleh mangrove seluas 215,86 hektar, diikuti badan air 43,94 hektar, lahan terbuka 23,11 hektar, sawah 9,18 hektar, dan tambak 2,22 hektar. Setelah tsunami pada tahun 2005, luas mangrove menurun drastis menjadi sekitar 7,45 hektar, sementara badan air meningkat secara signifikan menjadi 239,74 hektar dan lahan terbuka 47,11. Kelas sawah dan tambak tidak terindetifikasi pada tahun ini. Tahun 2015 menunjukkan pemulihan dengan mangrove kembali mendominasi dengan luasan 141,34 hektar sementara tambak kembali muncul dengan luasan yang paling kecil yaitu 3,38 hektar. Pada tahun 2025 mangrove kembali mendominasi dengan luasan 211,52 hektar dan tambak tetap menjadi kelas paling sedikit yaitu 1,55 hektar. Peningkatan mangrove setelah 2005 terjadi karena dukungan rehabilitasi dan penanaman kembali sehingga kondisi ekosistem pesisir semakin stabil. Berdasarkan analisis sebaran mangrove
di Kabupaten Aceh Jaya tahun 2004 - 2025, pada tahun 2004 sebaran terluas berada di Kecamatan Setia Bakti 94,56 hektar dan terkecil di Teunom 0,18 hektar. Tahun 2005, luasan terbesar tersisa di Krueng Sabee 6,50 hektar dan terkecil di Indra Jaya 0,02 hektar. Tahun 2015, Setia Bakti kembali menjadi yang terluas 64,32 hektar dan Darul Hikmah yang terkecil 0,02 hektar. Pada tahun 2025, Setia Bakti tetap terluas 88,75 hektar dan Krueng Sabee terkecil 0,57 hektar. Pemulihan dan peningkatan kembali luasan mangrove dilakukan melalui rehabilitasi dan penanaman kembali. Hasil uji akurasi klasifikasi menunjukkan overall accuracy sebesar 92,67% dengan nilai kappa sebesar 85,84%, yang menunjukkan bahwa hasil klasifikasi memiliki tingkat ketelitian yang tinggi dan dapat digunakan untuk analisis perubahan mangrove di Kabupaten Aceh Jaya.

Mangrove ecosystems are among the most important coastal ecosystems, playing a vital role in maintaining environmental balance by protecting shorelines from coastal erosion, providing habitats for diverse marine organisms, and serving as significant carbon sinks. However, mangrove ecosystems are highly vulnerable to both natural disturbances and human activities. The 2004 Aceh tsunami caused extensive damage to coastal areas, including the mangrove ecosystems in Aceh Jaya Regency. This event resulted in significant changes in coastal land cover, including the loss of mangrove vegetation and the expansion of water bodies and open land. Therefore, an analysis of land cover changes and mangrove distribution is essential to assess the impacts of the tsunami and to evaluate the subsequent development of mangrove ecosystems in the coastal areas of Aceh Jaya Regency. This study utilized satellite imagery from 2004, 2005, 2015, and 2025, which was classified using the supervised Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) method. The research stages included image processing, land cover classification, mangrove cover change analysis, and mangrove distribution analysis at the sub-district level. Classification accuracy was assessed using an error matrix by comparing the classification results with field survey data. The results indicate that land cover in Aceh Jaya Regency underwent significant changes following the 2004 tsunami. In 2004, land cover was dominated by mangroves, covering 215.86 hectares, followed by water bodies (43.94 hectares), open land (23.11 hectares), rice fields (9.18 hectares), and aquaculture ponds (2.22 hectares). Following the tsunami in 2005, the mangrove area declined drastically to approximately 7.45 hectares, while water bodies increased significantly to 239.74 hectares and open land expanded to 47.11 hectares. Rice fields and aquaculture ponds were not identified during this year. By 2015, signs of ecosystem recovery were evident, with mangroves once again becoming the dominant land cover at 141.34 hectares, while aquaculture ponds reappeared with the smallest area of 3.38 hectares. In 2025, mangroves continued to dominate with an area of 211.52 hectares, whereas aquaculture ponds remained the smallest land cover class at 1.55 hectares. The increase in mangrove area after 2005 is attributed to rehabilitation programs and reforestation efforts, which contributed to the gradual stabilization of the coastal ecosystem. Based on the analysis of mangrove distribution in Aceh Jaya Regency from 2004 to 2025, the largest mangrove area in 2004 was located in Setia Bakti Sub-district (94.56 hectares), while the smallest was found in Teunom Sub-district (0.18 hectares). In 2005, the largest remaining mangrove area was recorded in Krueng Sabee Sub-district (6.50 hectares), whereas the smallest was in Indra Jaya Sub-district (0.02 hectares). In 2015, Setia Bakti Sub-district again had the largest mangrove area (64.32 hectares), while Darul Hikmah Sub-district had the smallest (0.02 hectares). By 2025, Setia Bakti Sub-district remained the largest mangrove area (88.75 hectares), whereas Krueng Sabee Sub-district recorded the smallest (0.57 hectares). The recovery and expansion of mangrove areas were primarily supported by rehabilitation and reforestation initiatives. The classification accuracy assessment yielded an overall accuracy of 92.67% and a Kappa coefficient of 85.84%, indicating that the classification results have a high level of accuracy and are reliable for analyzing mangrove changes in Aceh Jaya Regency.