Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Crude Palm Oil (CPO) merupakan minyak nabati yang diperoleh dari mesokarp buah kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) dan mengandung berbagai asam lemak serta senyawa bioaktif yang berpotensi memberikan beragam aktivitas biologis. Meskipun demikian, kajian komprehensif mengenai profil bioaktivitas CPO beserta fraksi saturated fatty acids (SFA) dan unsaturated fatty acids (USFA) masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi profil bioaktivitas CPO, SFA, dan USFA melalui pengujian aktivitas antioksidan, antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus epidermidis, antiinflamasi, antitirosinase, sitotoksisitas terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7, serta toksisitas menggunakan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Fraksi SFA dan USFA diperoleh melalui metode kristalisasi, sedangkan identifikasi senyawa kimia pada fraksi paling aktif dilakukan menggunakan Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography–High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi USFA memiliki bioaktivitas tertinggi dibandingkan CPO dan SFA, dengan nilai IC50 antioksidan sebesar 163,01 ppm, IC50 antiinflamasi 107,50 ppm, IC50 sitotoksik terhadap sel MCF-7 sebesar 78,79 ppm, dan IC50 antitirosinase sebesar 525,10 ppm. Fraksi USFA juga menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap kedua bakteri uji dengan diameter zona hambat sebesar 6,13–6,97 mm pada konsentrasi 10–20%, serta nilai LC50 BSLT terendah sebesar 499,71 ppm. Analisis UHPLC-HRMS menunjukkan bahwa fraksi aktif USFA didominasi oleh asam oleat (30,93%) dan asam linoleat (9,49%) serta senyawa metabolit sekunder yang berkontribusi terhadap bioaktivitas fraksi USFA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi USFA berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai sumber bahan aktif alami untuk aplikasi farmasi, kosmetik, dan nutraseutikal.. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi USFA berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai sumber bahan aktif alami untuk aplikasi farmasi, kosmetik, dan nutraseutikal.

Crude Palm Oil (CPO), derived from the mesocarp of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) fruit, contains various fatty acids and bioactive compounds with potential biological activities. However, comprehensive studies on the bioactivity profiles of CPO and its saturated fatty acid (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) fractions remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the bioactivity profiles of CPO, SFA, and USFA through antioxidant, antibacterial against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis, anti-inflammatory, antityrosinase, cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and toxicity assays using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). The SFA and USFA fractions were obtained via crystallization, while the chemical constituents of the most active fraction were identified using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography–High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). The USFA fraction exhibited the highest bioactivity among all tested samples, with IC₅₀ values of 163.01 ppm for antioxidant activity, 107.50 ppm for anti-inflammatory activity, 78.79 ppm for cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells, and 525.10 ppm for antityrosinase activity. The USFA fraction also exhibited antibacterial activity against both test bacteria, with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 6.13 to 6.97 mm at concentrations of 10–20%, and showed the lowest BSLT LC₅₀ value of 499.71 ppm. UHPLC-HRMS analysis revealed that the active USFA fraction was dominated by oleic acid (30.93%) and linoleic acid (9.49%), along with secondary metabolites that contributed to the bioactivity of the USFA fraction. These findings suggest that the USFA fraction has considerable potential for further development as a natural source of bioactive ingredients for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical applications.