Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran histologi ileum ayam broiler (Gallus gallus domesticus) diberbagai tingkatan usia. Hewan coba yang digunakan adalah 25 ekor Day Old Chicken (DOC) ayam broiler jantan yang dipelihara selama 35 hari. Sampel organ ileum diambil pada umur 7, 14, 21, 28, dan 35 hari (masing-masing tiga ekor). Preparat histologi dibuat menggunakan metode parafin dan diwarnai dengan pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin (HE) dan Alcian Blue (AB). Parameter yang diamati meliputi luas permukaan vili (LPV), kedalaman kripta, rasio tinggi vili dan kedalaman kripta, serta jumlah sel goblet. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji one way ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas permukaan vili meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia, dengan peningkatan signifikan terjadi pada umur 21 hari (178.564,29 µm²) dibandingkan umur 7 (104.575,76 µm²) dan 14 hari (121.839,68 µm²), namun tidak berbeda nyata antara umur 21, 28, dan 35 hari. Kedalaman kripta meningkat secara bertahap dan berbeda nyata antar kelompok umur namun tidak berbeda nyata antara umur 28 dan 35 hari. Rasio tinggi vili dan kedalaman kripta menunjukkan peningkatan berkelanjutan dari 2,60 pada umur 7 hari menjadi 4,07 pada umur 35 hari. Jumlah sel goblet meningkat seiring bertambahnya umur, dengan perbedaan nyata antara umur 7 dan 35 hari. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa struktur histologi ileum ayam broiler mengalami perkembangan seiring bertambahnya usia.
Kata kunci: ayam broiler, histologi, ileum, luas permukaan vili, kedalaman kripta, sel goblet

This study aimed to determine the histological features of the ileum of broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) at various ages. The experimental animals used were 25 male broiler chicks raised for 35 days. Ileum organ samples were taken at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days of age (three chicks each). Histological slides were prepared using the paraffin method and stained with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) and Alcian Blue (AB). Parameters observed included villus surface area (VS), crypt depth, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth, and the number of goblet cells. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's test. The results showed that the surface area of the villi increased with age, with a significant increase occurring at 21 days of age (178.564,29 µm²) compared to 7 days of age (104.575,76 µm²) and 14 days of age (121.839,68 µm²), but not significantly different between 21, 28, and 35 days of age. The depth of the crypts increased gradually and was significantly different between age groups but not significantly different between 28 and 35 days of age. The ratio of villus height to crypt depth showed a continuous increase from 2.60 at 7 days of age to 4.07 at 35 days of age. The number of goblet cells increased with age, with a significant difference between 7 and 35 days of age. The conclusion of this study indicates that the histological structure of the ileum of broiler chickens undergoes progressive development with age. Keywords: broiler chicken, histology, ileum, villus surface area, crypt depth, goblet cell