Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Daun kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.) dikenal mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, saponin, dan minyak atsiri yang berpotensi sebagai agen farmakologis. Ekstrak n hexan berpotensi menarik senyawa non-polar yang diduga memiliki aktivitas toksik yang belum banyak dilaporkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai toksisitas (LC₅₀) ekstrak n hexan daun kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.) terhadap larva udang Artemia salina L. menggunakan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Penelitian eksperimental laboratorium ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut n hexan. Uji toksisitas dilakukan terhadap larva Artemia salina berumur 48 jam dengan tujuh tingkat konsentrasi ekstrak (50, 100, 150, 350, 500, 750, dan 1000 ppm) serta kontrol negatif. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Pengamatan kematian larva dilakukan setelah 24 jam paparan. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis probit untuk menentukan nilai LC₅₀ dengan interval kepercayaan 95% menggunakan software SPSS v. 26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase kematian larva Artemia salina meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak dengan nilai LC₅₀ yang diperoleh sebesar 128,8 ppm. Berdasarkan nilai LC₅₀ tersebut, ekstrak n hexan daun kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.) tergolong memiliki toksisitas sedang terhadap larva Artemia salina.

Kata Kunci : Bioaktivitas, daun kemangi, senyawa nonpolar, skrining toksisitas, LC₅₀

Basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.) are known to contain various bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and essential oils with potential pharmacological activity. The n hexane extract is capable of extracting non-polar compounds that are suspected to possess toxic activity, which has not been widely reported. This study aimed to determine the toxicity value (LC₅₀) of the n hexane extract of basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.) against Artemia salina L. larvae using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. This laboratory experimental study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with extraction carried out using the maceration method and n-hexane as the solvent. Toxicity testing was conducted on 48-hour-old Artemia salina larvae using seven concentrations (50, 100, 150, 350, 500, 750, and 1000 ppm) along with a negative control, and each treatment was performed in triplicate. Larval mortality was observed after 24 hours of exposure, and the data were analyzed using probit analysis to determine the LC₅₀ value with a 95% confidence interval using SPSS version 26. The results showed that larval mortality increased with increasing extract concentration, with an LC₅₀ value of 128.8 ppm. Based on the LC₅₀ value, the n-hexane extract of basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.) was classified as moderately toxic to Artemia salina larvae. Keywords : Plant extract, nonpolar compounds, bioactivity, toxicity screening, LC₅₀