Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Kopi Arabika Gayo merupakan salah satu komiditas unggulan Indonesia yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi di pasar domestik maupun Internasional. Kopi arabika Gayo banyak di budidayakan di Kabupaten Bener Meriah, Provinsi Aceh. Pertumbuhan dan produktivitas kopi arabika sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan budidaya terutama aspek fisika tanah yang menunjang langsung ketersediaan hara, air, udara, serta perakaran tanaman yang akan berdampak terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas. Tanah yang mengalami penurunan kualitas secara fisik dapat menghambat pertumbuhan dan produktivitas. Penggunaan pupuk kimia secara terus menurus dapat merusak struktur dan agregat tanah. Perlu dilakukan hal preventif agar kerusakan ini dapat di hindarkan sehingga memberikan hasil pertumbuhan dan produktivitas kopi secara optimal. Salah satu upaya untuk mencegah hal tersebut yaitu dengan dilakukan pemberian amelioran seperti dolomit dan kompos pada lahan kopi. Namun informasi mengenai pengaruh pemberian dolomit dan kompos pada lahan kopi arabika masih sangat terbatas. Sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai perlakuan tersebut.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Gampong Karang Rejo, Kecamatan Bukit, Kabupaten Bener Meriah, Provinsi Aceh, Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan dua faktor, yaitu dolomit dan kompos. Faktor dolomit terdiri atas tiga taraf dosis (0; 0,588; dan 1,176 ton ha⁻¹), sedangkan faktor kompos terdiri atas tiga taraf dosis (0; 5; dan 10 ton ha⁻¹), sehingga diperoleh sembilan kombinasi perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan. Aplikasi dilakukan dengan cara menaburkan bahan secara merata di sekeliling batang kopi Arabika varietas Gayo 3 yang berusia sekitar 6 tahun Parameter yang diamati meliputi sifat fisika tanah, yaitu porositas, water holding capacity (WHC), bulk density, permeabilitas, dan indeks stabilitas agregat (ISA)
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian dolomit berpengaruh nyata terhadap porositas dan bulk density tanah, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap WHC, permeabilitas, dan indeks stabilitas agregat. Pemberian kompos tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap seluruh parameter sifat fisika tanah yang diamati. Selain itu, tidak terdapat interaksi antara dolomit dan kompos terhadap sifat fisika tanah kopi Arabika. Secara spesifik, pemberian bahan organik dari kompos berperan dalam memperbaiki struktur tanah menjadi lebih gembur, sementara dolomit membantu memperbaiki karakteristik tanah melalui peningkatan pH dan ketersediaan hara.

Gayo Arabica coffee is one of Indonesia's leading commodities with high economic value in both domestic and international markets. Gayo Arabica coffee is widely cultivated in Bener Meriah Regency, Aceh Province. The growth and productivity of Arabica coffee are strongly influenced by the cultivation environment, particularly the physical aspects of the soil, which directly support the availability of nutrients, water, air, and plant roots, which in turn impact growth and productivity. Physically degraded soil quality can hinder growth and productivity. Continuous use of chemical fertilizers can damage soil structure and aggregates. Preventive measures are needed to prevent this damage and ensure optimal coffee growth and productivity. One way to prevent this is by applying ameliorants such as dolomite and compost to coffee fields. However, information on the effects of dolomite and compost application on Arabica coffee fields is still very limited. Therefore, further research is needed on these treatments. This research was conducted in Karang Rejo Village, Bukit District, Bener Meriah Regency, Aceh Province. The study used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors: dolomite and compost. The dolomite factor consisted of three dosage levels (0, 0.588, and 1.176 tons ha⁻¹), while the compost factor consisted of three dosage levels (0, 5, and 10 tons ha⁻¹), resulting in nine treatment combinations with three replications. Application was carried out by sprinkling the material evenly around the stems of the Gayo 3 Arabica coffee variety, approximately 6 years old. Observed parameters included soil physical properties, namely porosity, water holding capacity (WHC), bulk density, permeability, and aggregate stability index (ISA). The results showed that dolomite application significantly affected soil porosity and bulk density, but not WHC, permeability, or aggregate stability index. Compost application did not significantly affect any of the observed soil physical properties. Furthermore, there was no interaction between dolomite and compost on the physical properties of Arabica coffee soil. Specifically, the application of organic matter from compost played a role in improving soil structure, making it looser, while dolomite helped improve soil characteristics by increasing pH and nutrient availability.