Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Bayangan parsial merupakan salah satu faktor yang menurunkan kinerja sistem photovoltaic (PV) akibat distribusi iradiasi yang tidak seragam pada array PV. Meskipun penempatan array PV umumnya dirancang untuk menghindari bayangan statis dari objek seperti bangunan dan pepohonan, bayangan dinamis akibat pergerakan awan atau perubahan kondisi lingkungan tetap sulit dihindari selama operasi sistem. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh bayangan dinamis terhadap kinerja array PV serta menentukan konfigurasi yang lebih unggul antara Series–Parallel (SP) dan Total Cross Tied (TCT) berdasarkan parameter Global Maximum Power (GMP), Mismatch Loss (ML), dan efisiensi sistem. Bayangan dinamis dimodelkan pada array PV 5×5 menggunakan data iradiasi NASA POWER dengan perpindahan pusat bayangan secara temporal pada rentang waktu pukul 05.00–17.00 WIB. Simulasi dilakukan menggunakan MATLAB pada kondisi iradiasi seragam dan bayangan dinamis untuk memperoleh karakteristik arus–tegangan (I–V), daya–tegangan (P–V), serta nilai GMP, ML, dan efisiensi sistem. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kondisi iradiasi seragam, konfigurasi SP dan TCT menghasilkan performa yang hampir identik dengan nilai ML sebesar 0%. Sebaliknya, pada kondisi bayangan dinamis terjadi penurunan GMP dan efisiensi sistem serta peningkatan ML akibat mismatch antar modul. Pada pukul 11.00, konfigurasi SP menghasilkan GMP sebesar 2410,3 W dengan ML sebesar 32%, sedangkan konfigurasi TCT menghasilkan GMP sebesar 2468 W dengan ML sebesar 30,4%. Secara keseluruhan, konfigurasi TCT menunjukkan GMP dan efisiensi yang lebih tinggi serta ML yang lebih rendah dibandingkan SP pada hampir seluruh waktu pengamatan, terutama pada rentang pukul 08.00–14.00 ketika pusat bayangan berada di sekitar bagian tengah array. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa konfigurasi TCT lebih efektif dalam mengurangi dampak mismatch dan mempertahankan daya keluaran sistem PV pada kondisi bayangan dinamis.

Partial shading is one of the factors that reduces the performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems due to uneven irradiance distribution across the PV array. Although the placement of PV arrays is generally designed to avoid static shadows from objects such as buildings and trees, dynamic shadows caused by cloud movement or changes in environmental conditions remain difficult to avoid during system operation. This study aims to analyze the effect of dynamic shading on PV array performance and to determine the superior configuration between Series–Parallel (SP) and Total Cross Tied (TCT) based on the parameters of Global Maximum Power (GMP), Mismatch Loss (ML), and system efficiency. Dynamic shading was modeled on a 5×5 PV array using NASA POWER irradiance data with temporal shifts in the shadow center between 05:00 and 17:00 WIB. Simulations were conducted using MATLAB under uniform irradiance and dynamic shading conditions to obtain current–voltage (I–V) and power–voltage (P–V) characteristics, as well as values for GMP, ML, and system efficiency. The results show that under uniform irradiance conditions, both the SP and TCT configurations exhibit nearly identical performance with an ML value of 0%. Conversely, under dynamic shading conditions, there was a decrease in GMP and system efficiency, as well as an increase in ML due to mismatches between modules. At 11:00, the SP configuration produced a GMP of 2410.3 W with an ML of 32%, while the TCT configuration produced a GMP of 2468 W with an ML of 30.4%. Overall, the TCT configuration demonstrated higher GMP and efficiency, as well as lower ML compared to the SP configuration during nearly the entire observation period, particularly between 8:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. when the shadow center was located near the middle of the array. These results indicate that the TCT configuration is more effective at mitigating the impact of mismatch and maintaining the PV system’s output power under dynamic shading conditions.