Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Sambungan pelat ujung merupakan sambungan semi-kaku yang banyak digunakan pada struktur baja karena kemudahan fabrikasi dan pemasangannya. Namun, sambungan tipe flush end plate memiliki keterbatasan kapasitas lentur akibat jumlah baut yang sedikit dan tidak adanya elemen perkuatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh penambahan panjang sambungan melalui perpanjangan pelat ujung serta penambahan penyokong (haunch) terhadap kapasitas lentur, kekakuan, daktilitas, dan pergeseran mode kegagalan. Analisis numerik dilakukan menggunakan ABAQUS pada empat model, yaitu Model 1 (flush end plate 4 baut tanpa haunch), Model 2 (extended end plate 6 baut dan 1 haunch bawah), Model 3 (extended end plate 8 baut dan 1 haunch bawah diperpanjang), serta Model 4 (extended end plate 10 baut dan 2 haunch simetris). Validasi terhadap data eksperimen menunjukkan deviasi di bawah 15% sesuai kriteria validasi. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan kapasitas lentur meningkat dari 69,21 kN.m pada Model 1 menjadi 139,65 kN.m pada Model 4, atau sekitar dua kali lipat lebih besar kapasitas momennya terhadap Model 1. Nilai perpindahan pelat ujung menurun dari 25,09 mm menjadi 1,71 mm, sedangkan daktilitas tertinggi diperoleh Model 4 sebesar 21,79. Historis kegagalan menunjukkan Model 1 diawali lentur pelat ujung dan berakhir dengan kombinasi tekuk pelat badan serta lentur pelat ujung; Model 2 diawali lentur pelat ujung dan berakhir dengan tekuk pelat badan dominan; Model 3 diawali lentur pelat sayap balok di luar zona haunch dan berakhir dengan kombinasi lentur pelat sayap serta lentur lokal pelat ujung sedangkan Model 4 diawali lentur pelat sayap atas dan bawah balok di luar zona haunch dan berakhir dengan plastifikasi lentur pada balok tanpa indikasi tekuk lokal. Dengan demikian, Model 4 menjadi konfigurasi paling efektif dalam meningkatkan kapasitas lentur dan mengalihkan kegagalan utama dari sambungan menuju elemen balok.

End-plate connection is a semi-rigid connection widely used in steel structures due to its ease of fabrication and installation. However, flush end-plate connections have limitations in flexural capacity due to the limited number of bolts and the absence of reinforcing elements. This study aims to analyze the effect of increasing the connection length through end-plate extension and the addition of haunches on flexural capacity, stiffness, ductility, and failure mode shifting. The numerical analysis was conducted using ABAQUS on four models, namely Model 1 (flush end plate with 4 bolts without haunch), Model 2 (extended end plate with 6 bolts and 1 bottom haunch), Model 3 (extended end plate with 8 bolts and 1 extended bottom haunch), and Model 4 (extended end plate with 10 bolts and 2 symmetrical haunches). Validation against experimental data showed deviations below 15%, satisfying the validation criterion. The simulation results showed that the flexural capacity increased from 69.21 kN.m in Model 1 to 139.65 kN.m in Model 4, indicating that the moment capacity of Model 4 was approximately twice that of Model 1. The end-plate displacement value decreased from 25.09 mm to 1.71 mm, while the highest ductility was achieved by Model 4 at 21.79. The failure history showed that Model 1 initiated with end-plate flexure and ended with a combination of beam web buckling and end-plate flexure; Model 2 initiated with end-plate flexure and ended with dominant beam web buckling; Model 3 initiated with beam flange flexure outside the haunch zone and ended with a combination of beam flange flexure and local end-plate flexure; while Model 4 initiated with flexure of the top and bottom beam flanges outside the haunch zone and ended with flexural plastification in the beam without any indication of local buckling. Therefore, Model 4 was the most effective configuration in increasing flexural capacity and shifting the main failure from the connection region to the beam element.