Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Kabupaten Simeulue merupakan wilayah dengan tingkat kerawanan tsunami yang sangat tinggi karena berada di zona subduksi megathrust Sumatra. Namun, saat tsunami Aceh 2004 yang menewaskan lebih dari 167.000 jiwa, Kabupaten Simeulue hanya mencatat 7 korban jiwa. Fenomena ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah kearifan lokal bernama Smong, yaitu sistem pengetahuan lokal yang diwariskan secara turun-temurun berisi pesan peringatan dini tsunami. Namun, saat ini terjadi penurunan dalam mewariskan kearifan lokal tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan memetakan peran institusi lokal dalam pewarisan Smong serta mengidentifikasi implikasinya terhadap perencanaan sistem evakuasi di Kabupaten Simeulue. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap 10 informan, serta observasi lapangan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis tematik menggunakan software Nvivo, dilengkapi dengan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dua temuan. Pertama, hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa Smong efektif dalam berfungsi sebagai sistem peringatan dini berbasis budaya karena respons spontan masyarakat terhadap indikator alam tanpa menunggu peringatan resmi. Peran institusi informal sebagai pilar utama dalam pewarisan Smong menunjukkan kontras yang signifikan terhadap institusi formal yang sejauh ini baru menyentuh ranah legalisasi kebijakan. Kedua, kondisi infrastruktur evakuasi fisik memprihatinkan dan implementasi dokumen rekomendasi & rencana evakuasi belum optimal. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kearifan lokal Smong tidak cukup hanya diceritakan, tetapi harus diwujudkan dalam infrastruktur fisik evakuasi. Implikasi perencanaan meliputi peningkatan jalur evakuasi informal menjadi jalur resmi, pemasangan rambu sesuai standar, serta integrasi mitigasi struktural dan non-struktural dalam Rencana Kontinjensi Tsunami berbasis Smong.
Kata Kunci: Smong, Institusi Lokal, Kesiapsiagaan Tsunami, Sistem Evakuasi, Sistem Peringatan Dini, Kearifan Lokal

Simeulue Regency is an area with a very high risk of tsunamis because it is located in the Sumatra megathrust subduction zone. However, during the 2004 Aceh tsunami, which killed more than 167,000 people, Simeulue Regency only recorded 7 casualties. This phenomenon was caused by several factors, one of which is a local wisdom called Smong. Smong is a local knowledge system passed down through generations that contains tsunami early warning messages. However, there is currently a decline in passing down this local wisdom. This study aims to identify and map the role of local institutions in passing down Smong and to identify its implications for evacuation system planning in Simeulue Regency. The research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with 10 informants as well as field observations. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis with NVivo software, complemented by triangulation. The results of the study show two main findings. First, this study indicates that Smong is effective as a culture-based early warning system due to the community's spontaneous response to natural indicators without waiting for official warnings. The role of informal institutions as the main pillar in passing down Smong shows a significant contrast to formal institutions, which so far have only touched upon policy legalization. Second, the condition of the physical evacuation infrastructure is concerning, and the implementation of recommendation documents and evacuation plans is not yet optimal. This study concludes that the local wisdom of Smong is not enough to just be told as a story, but it must be realized in physical evacuation infrastructure. Planning implications include upgrading informal evacuation routes into official ones, installing signs according to standards, and integrating structural and non-structural mitigation into a Smong-based Tsunami Contingency Plan. Keywords: Smong, Local Institutions, Tsunami Preparedness, Evacuation System, Early Warning System, Local Wisdom