Electronic Theses and Dissertation

to englishMUHAMMAD HAIKAL, 2026
PENGARUH TEKNOLOGI DEOXYRIBONUCLEID ACID (DNA) DALAM PEMBUKTIAN PERKARA TINDAK PIDANA PEMBUNUHAN
(Penelitian Wilayah Hukum Kepolisisan DaerahAceh)
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Syiah Kuala
(viii,53) pp 46., tabl., bibl.
(Dr. Mukhlis., S.H., M.Hum.)
Berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 183 dan 184 ayat (1) Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP), pembuktian pidana harus dilakukan dengan sekurang-kurangnya dua alat bukti yang sah dan keyakinan hakim. Penggunaan bukti ilmiah seperti DNA juga didukung oleh Peraturan Kapolri Nomor 10 Tahun 2009 tentang Tata Cara Pemeriksaan DNA serta Peraturan Kapolri Nomor 12 Tahun 2021 tentang Kedokteran Kepolisian. Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi telah membawa perubahan besar dalam sistem pembuktian perkara pidana, salah satunya melalui penggunaan teknologi Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) dalam proses penyidikan dan peradilan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan peran pemeriksaan DNA dalam pembuktian perkara tindak pidana pembunuhan, menganalisis hambatan yang dihadapi aparat penegak hukum dalam penerapannya di wilayah hukum Polda Aceh, serta mengkaji upaya yang dilakukan kepolisian dalam mengoptimalkan penggunaan bukti ilmiah tersebut.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan reskrim, jatanras, dan ahli biddokkes di Kepolisian Daerah Aceh, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari studi kepustakaan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, literatur hukum, dan putusan pengadilan yang relevan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemeriksaan DNA memiliki peran penting dalam memperkuat alat bukti konvensional dan memberikan kepastian ilmiah dalam proses penyidikan. Hambatan yang ditemukan meliputi keterbatasan laboratorium forensik di daerah, kurangnya tenaga ahli biologi molekuler, keterbatasan anggaran penyidikan, serta lamanya proses pengiriman sampel ke laboratorium pusat. Upaya yang dilakukan Polda Aceh antara lain meningkatkan pelatihan bagi penyidik, memperkuat kerja sama dengan Puslabfor Polri dan universitas, serta mengusulkan pembentukan laboratorium forensik mandiri di Aceh.
Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemeriksaan DNA berkontribusi besar terhadap pembuktian perkara pembunuhan yang objektif dan akurat, disarankan agar pemerintah dan Polri memperkuat dasar hukum mengenai alat bukti ilmiah dalam KUHAP, meningkatkan fasilitas laboratorium forensik di daerah, serta mengembangkan sumber daya manusia yang ahli di bidang forensik DNA agar proses pembuktian pidana dapat berjalan lebih efektif dan berkeadilan.

to englishMUHAMMAD HAIKAL, 2026 THE EFFECT OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEID ACID (DNA) TECHNOLOGY IN EVIDENCE OF MURDER CRIME CASES (Aceh Regional Police Legal Area Research) Syiah Kuala University Faculty of Law (viii,53) pp 46., tabl., bibl. (Dr. Mukhlis., S.H., M.Hum.) Based on the provisions of Articles 183 and 184 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), criminal evidence must be carried out with at least two valid pieces of evidence and the judge's belief. The use of scientific evidence such as DNA is also supported by National Police Chief Regulation Number 10 of 2009 concerning Procedures for DNA Examination and National Police Chief Regulation Number 12 of 2021 concerning Police Medicine. The development of science and technology has brought major changes to the system of proving criminal cases, one of which is through the use of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) technology in the investigation and trial process. This research aims to explain the role of DNA examination in proving criminal cases of murder, analyze the obstacles faced by law enforcement officials in implementing it in the jurisdiction of the Aceh Regional Police, and examine the efforts made by the police in optimizing the use of scientific evidence. This research uses empirical juridical methods with a qualitative approach. Primary data was obtained through interviews with criminal investigation officers, regional police officers, and medical and health experts at the Aceh Regional Police, while secondary data was obtained from literature studies of relevant laws and regulations, legal literature, and court decisions. The research results show that DNA examination has an important role in strengthening conventional evidence and providing scientific certainty in the investigation process. The obstacles found include limited forensic laboratories in the regions, a lack of molecular biologists, limited investigation budgets, and the long process of sending samples to the central laboratory. Efforts made by the Aceh Regional Police include increasing training for investigators, strengthening cooperation with the National Police Laboratory and Forensic Center and universities, as well as proposing the establishment of an independent forensic laboratory in Aceh. The conclusion of this research shows that DNA examination contributes greatly to objective and accurate proof of murder cases. It is recommended that the government and the National Police strengthen the legal basis regarding scientific evidence in the Criminal Procedure Code, improve forensic laboratory facilities in the regions, and develop human resources who are experts in the field of DNA forensics so that the criminal evidence process can run more effectively and fairly.