Electronic Theses and Dissertation

EVALUASI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK TUMBUHAN SARANG SEMUT (Hydnophytum formicarum) DARI
ACEH BESAR TERHADAP BAKTERI
Staphylococcus aureus
ABSTRAK

Sarang semut (Hydnophytum formicarum) merupakan tumbuhan epifit yang secara empiris dan ilmiah diketahui memiliki aktivitas antibakteri karena kandungan senyawa fitokimia seperti flavonoid, tanin, fenolik, dan terpenoid. Peningkatan kasus resistensi bakteri, khususnya Staphylococcus aureus, mendorong pencarian sumber antibakteri alternatif dari bahan alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi daya hambat ekstrak metanol tumbuhan sarang semut asal Aceh Besar terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas enam perlakuan, yaitu ekstrak metanol sarang semut dengan konsentrasi 6,25%, 12,5%, 25%, dan 50%, kontrol positif vankomisin, serta kontrol negatif CMC 1%. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi cakram (Kirby-Bauer) dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk di sekitar cakram. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian (ANOVA) satu arah dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol tumbuhan sarang semut asal Aceh Besar memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus pada seluruh konsentrasi uji. Konsentrasi 50% menghasilkan diameter zona hambat terbesar sebesar 13,96 ± 0,5 mm dan tergolong dalam kategori kuat, serta tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol positif vankomisin (P>0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak metanol tumbuhan sarang semut (Hydnophytum formicarum) asal Aceh Besar berpotensi sebagai antibakteri alami dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus
Kata kunci: Antibakteri, ekstrak metanol, Hydnophytum formicarum, sarang semut, Staphylococcus aureus

EVALUATION OF THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ANT NEST PLANT EXTRACT (Hydnophytum formicarum) FROM ACEH BESAR AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus ABSTRACT Ant nest plant (Hydnophytum formicarum) is an epiphytic plant that has been empirically and scientifically recognized to possess antibacterial activity due to the presence of phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, and terpenoids. The increasing incidence of bacterial resistance, particularly Staphylococcus aureus, has encouraged the exploration of alternative antibacterial sources derived from natural products. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the methanolic extract of ant nest plant originating from Aceh Besar on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. This research employed an experimental method using a completely randomized design consisting of six treatments, namely methanolic extract concentrations of 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50%, vancomycin as a positive control, and 1% CMC as a negative control. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the disc diffusion (Kirby–Bauer) method with three replications. The observed parameter was the diameter of the inhibition zone formed around the disc. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the methanolic extract of ant nest plant from Aceh Besar exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus at all tested concentrations. The 50% concentration produced the largest inhibition zone of 13.96 ± 0.5 mm, which was classified as strong activity and showed no significant difference compared to the positive control vancomycin (P>0.05). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the methanolic extract of ant nest plant (Hydnophytum formicarum) from Aceh Besar has potential as a natural antibacterial agent in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Hydnophytum formicarum, ant nest plant, Staphylococcus aureus, methanolic extract.