Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) merupakan hewan sinantropik yang berperan sebagai reservoir berbagai parasit zoonotik dan berpotensi menimbulkan risiko kesehatan masyarakat, terutama di kawasan pelabuhan dengan aktivitas manusia dan logistik yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis parasit zoonotik potensial yang menginfeksi tikus (Rattus norvegicus), mengetahui kepadatan tikus di zona buffer dan perimeter Pelabuhan Sabang, serta menganalisis hubungan antara faktor lingkungan dengan keberadaan tikus. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional dengan metode purposive sampling. Sebanyak 64 ekor tikus berhasil ditangkap menggunakan perangkap hidup pada zona buffer dan perimeter Pelabuhan Sabang. Pemeriksaan parasit dilakukan melalui metode sentrifugasi, modifikasi Ziehl–Neelsen, gerusan organ, dan identifikasi ektoparasit, sedangkan analisis statistik dilakukan menggunakan uji Chi-square, uji Fisher, serta perhitungan Relative Risk (RR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan relatif tikus di Pelabuhan Sabang tergolong tinggi, dengan nilai tertinggi di CT2 (27,14%), diikuti Buffer Area 1 (22,86%), Buffer Area 2 (14,29%), CT1 (14,29%), dan CT3 (12,86%). Parasit yang teridentifikasi meliputi Hymenolepis nana (18,8%), Hymenolepis diminuta (14,1%), Strongyloides spp. (28,1%), Capillaria hepatica (10,9%), oosista Isospora sp. (4,7%), serta ektoparasit Xenopsylla cheopis (9,4%) dan Ornithonyssus sp. (35,9%). Faktor lingkungan yang berhubungan signifikan dengan keberadaan tikus adalah kondisi drainase, keberadaan sisa pangan, kondisi Tempat Pembuangan Sampah (TPS), dan celah akses (ρ < 0,05). Dalam pendekatan One Health, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sanitasi dan kondisi fisik lingkungan berperan penting dalam menentukan kepadatan tikus dan risiko parasit berpotensi zoonotik di Pelabuhan Sabang, sehingga pengendalian tikus berbasis perbaikan lingkungan menjadi kunci pencegahan zoonosis berkelanjutan.

Kata kunci: Rattus norvegicus, parasit zoonotik potensial, kepadatan tikus, pelabuhan, faktor lingkungan.

Rats (Rattus norvegicus) are synanthropic animals that serve as reservoirs for various potentially zoonotic parasites and pose public health risks, particularly in port areas with high human activity and logistical operations. This study aimed to identify potentially zoonotic parasites infecting Rattus norvegicus, determine rat density in the buffer and perimeter zones of Sabang Port, and analyze the association between environmental factors and rat presence. This study employed a cross-sectional design with purposive sampling. A total of 64 rats were captured using live traps in the buffer and perimeter zones of Sabang Port. Parasitological examinations were conducted using centrifugation, modified Ziehl–Neelsen staining, organ squash techniques, and ectoparasite identification, while statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and calculation of Relative Risk (RR). The results showed that rat relative density in Sabang Port was classified as high, with the highest density recorded at CT2 (27.14%), followed by Buffer Area 1 (22.86%), Buffer Area 2 (14.29%), CT1 (14.29%), and CT3 (12.86%). Identified parasites included Hymenolepis nana (18.8%), Hymenolepis diminuta (14.1%), Strongyloides spp. (28.1%), Capillaria hepatica (10.9%), Isospora sp. oocysts (4.7%), and ectoparasites Xenopsylla cheopis (9.4%) and Ornithonyssus sp. (35.9%). Environmental factors significantly associated with rat presence included drainage conditions, food waste availability, temporary waste disposal site conditions, and access gaps (p < 0.05). Within a One Health approach, these findings indicate that sanitation-related factors and physical environmental conditions play a critical role in determining rat density and the potential risk of zoonotic parasites in the Sabang Port area, highlighting the importance of environment-based rat control as a key strategy for sustainable zoonotic disease prevention. Keywords: Rattus norvegicus, potentially zoonotic parasites, rat density, port area, environmental factors.