Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Penelitian keragaman mikrobiota terhadap perkembangan penyakit Graves sudah sangat berkembang, namun penelitian serupa belum pernah dilakukan di Indonesia yang dominan ras Melayu. Keragaman mikrobiota usus sangat bergantung pada berbagai faktor, di antaranya pola makan, gaya hidup, usia dan faktor lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara komposisi dan keragaman mikrobiota usus dengan kadar FT4, TSH, dan TRAb pada pasien penyakit Graves. Penelitian potong lintang (cross-sectional) melibatkan 24 pasien penyakit Graves dan 24 subjek populasi sehat, dengan analisis mikrobiota usus menggunakan sekuensing gen 16S rRNA. Keragaman mikrobiota dinilai melalui indeks alpha diversity (Chao1, Shannon, dan Simpson), sedangkan hubungan dengan parameter biokimia tiroid (FT4, TSH, dan TRAb) dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann–Whitney U, korelasi Spearman, dan uji Kruskal–Wallis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, dari seluruh genus yang dianalisis, Mediterraneibacter menunjukkan korelasi bermakna dengan parameter tiroid, yaitu korelasi negatif dengan kadar TSH (r=−0.420; p=0.041). Uji Kruskal–Wallis menunjukkan bahwa variasi kelimpahan mikrobiota berbeda menurut derajat fungsi tiroid, dengan perbedaan signifikan pada Dorea (p=0.029) dan Vescimonas (p=0.004) berdasarkan derajat FT4, serta pada Dorea (p=0.022), Mediterraneibacter (p=0.022), Roseburia (p=0.047), dan Vescimonas (p=0.047) berdasarkan derajat TSH. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa keragaman mikrobiota usus secara global tidak berhubungan dengan parameter biokimia tiroid pada penyakit Graves, tetapi perubahan komposisi mikrobiota tertentu berhubungan dengan fungsi tiroid, mengindikasikan peran potensial mikrobiota usus dalam patofisiologi penyakit Graves.
Kata kunci: Penyakit Graves, mikrobiota usus, alpha diversity, Indonesia, Melayu

Research on microbiota diversity in the development of Graves’ disease has advanced substantially; however, similar studies have not yet been conducted in Indonesia, a population predominantly of Malay ethnicity. Gut microbiota diversity is strongly influenced by multiple factors, including dietary patterns, lifestyle, age, and environmental conditions. This study aimed to examine the association between gut microbiota composition and diversity with FT4, TSH, and TRAb levels in patients with Graves’ disease. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 24 patients with Graves’ disease and 24 healthy individuals, with gut microbiota analysis performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Microbiota diversity was assessed using alpha diversity indices (Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson), while associations with thyroid biochemical parameters (FT4, TSH, and TRAb) were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test, Spearman correlation, and Kruskal–Wallis test. The results showed that, among all analyzed genera, Mediterraneibacter exhibited a significant association with thyroid parameters, namely a negative correlation with TSH levels (r=−0.420; p=0.041). Kruskal–Wallis analysis indicated that microbial abundance varied according to the degree of thyroid function, with significant differences in Dorea (p=0.029) and Vescimonas (p=0.004) across FT4 categories, and in Dorea (p=0.022), Mediterraneibacter (p=0.022), Roseburia (p=0.047), and Vescimonas (p=0.047) across TSH categories. This study concludes that overall gut microbiota diversity is not associated with thyroid biochemical parameters in Graves’ disease; however, specific changes in microbiota composition are associated with thyroid function, indicating a potential role of gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of Graves’ disease. Keywords: Graves’ disease, gut microbiota, alpha diversity, Indonesia, Malay.