Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Skripsi

Analisis Sifat Fisis Dan Kuat Lentur Papan Gipsum Dengan
Substitusi Serat Abaka dan Serat Kaca Dengan Metode
Pembuatan Menggunakan Spray Gun

M. Al thaaf Has
NIM. 2004101010124

Program Studi Teknik Sipil
Departemen Teknik Sipil - Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Syiah Kuala

Abstrak

Perkembangan teknologi material konstruksi mendorong inovasi terhadap bahan
bangunan yang lebih ringan, kuat, dan ramah lingkungan. Salah satunya adalah
papan gipsum, yang banyak digunakan untuk partisi dan plafon namun masih
memiliki kelemahan pada kekuatan lentur dan ketahanannya terhadap retak.
Upaya peningkatan performa dilakukan dengan menambahkan serat sebagai
bahan penguat. Serat abaka, sebagai serat alami dengan kekuatan tarik dan
elastisitas tinggi, dipilih sebagai substitusi serat sintetis untuk meningkatkan sifat
mekanis papan gipsum. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh substitusi
serat abaka terhadap sifat fisis dan kuat lentur papan gipsum dengan metode
pembuatan menggunakan spray gun, yang dinilai lebih efisien dan menghasilkan
campuran lebih homogen dibanding metode manual. Penelitian dilakukan secara
eksperimental di laboratorium dengan benda uji papan gipsum berukuran 50 cm ×
40 cm × 1 cm menggunakan campuran 1% serat abaka dari berat total gipsum.
Pengujian meliputi densitas, pengembangan tebal, kadar air, daya serap air, dan
kuat lentur sesuai standar SNI 01-4449-2006 dan SNI 03-2105-2006. Hasil
penelitian menunjukkan bahwa papan gipsum berserat abaka memiliki densitas
rata-rata 1,747 gr/cm³, pengembangan tebal 2,035%, kadar air 9,58%, daya serap
air 6,70%, dan kuat lentur 73,09 kg/cm². Seluruh hasil pengujian memenuhi
standar mutu SNI 01-4449-2006. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan serat
abaka pada papan gipsum dengan metode spray gun meningkatkan sifat fisis dan
mekanis material, sekaligus menjadi alternatif material bangunan yang kuat,
efisien, dan ramah lingkungan.

Kata kunci: papan gipsum, serat abaka, spray gun, kuat lentur, sifat fisis

Undergraduate Thesis Analysis of Physical Properties and Flexural Strength of Gypsum Board with Abaca Fiber and Glass Fiber Substitution Using a Spray Gun Manufacturing Method M. Al thaaf Has NIM. 2004101010124 Undergraduate Program of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering – Faculty of Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Abstract The development of construction material technology has driven innovation toward lighter, stronger, and more environmentally friendly building materials. One widely used material is gypsum board, commonly applied for partitions and ceilings, but it still exhibits weaknesses in flexural strength and crack resistance. To improve its performance, fiber reinforcement is introduced. Abaca fiber, a natural fiber with high tensile strength and elasticity, was selected as a substitute for synthetic fibers to enhance the mechanical properties of gypsum boards. This study aims to analyze the effect of abaca fiber substitution on the physical and flexural strength properties of gypsum boards manufactured using the spray gun method, which is considered more efficient and produces a more homogeneous mixture compared to the manual method. The research was conducted experimentally in the laboratory by producing gypsum board specimens measuring 50 cm × 40 cm × 1 cm with a 1% abaca fiber mixture by total gypsum weight. Tests were performed on density, thickness swelling, moisture content, water absorption, and flexural strength according to SNI 01-4449-2006 and SNI 03-2105-2006 standards. The results showed that abaca fiber-reinforced gypsum boards had an average density of 1.747 gr/cm³, thickness swelling of 2.035%, moisture content of 9.58%, water absorption of 6.70%, and flexural strength of 73.09 kg/cm², all of which met SNI quality standards. It can be concluded that the use of abaca fiber in gypsum boards produced with the spray gun method improves the physical and mechanical properties of the material, making it a strong, efficient, and eco-friendly alternative for lightweight construction applications. Keywords: gypsum board, abaca fiber, spray gun, flexural strength, physical properties