Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kawasan Kuala Gigieng, Kabupaten Aceh Besar, Aceh, yang merupakan habitat penting bagi burung air, burung migran, dan burung darat. Latar belakang penelitian didasari oleh pentingnya data terkini mengenai jenis dan status konservasi burung di wilayah pesisir yang terancam oleh degradasi habitat akibat manusia. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis burung yang terdapat di tiga tipe habitat (pantai, mangrove, dan pemukiman) serta menentukan status konservasinya berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri LHK No.P.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/12/2018, IUCN Red List 2023, dan CITES 2022. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan purposive sampling di tiga tipe habitat, masing-masing memiliki lima titik pengamatan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan selama sembilan hari (pagi dan sore) menggunakan metode point count dan line transect. Identifikasi spesies dilakukan melalui pengamatan langsung, Buku panduan lapangan Burung di Sumatera, Jawa, Bali dan Kalimantan oleh MacKinnon, dan aplikasi Merlin Bird ID. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk menentukan jumlah spesies, persebaran habitat, dan status konservasi.
Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan di kawasan Kuala Gigieng, tercatat 182 individu burung yang tersebar pada tiga tipe habitat, yaitu pantai, mangrove, dan pemukiman. Habitat pemukiman memiliki jumlah individu tertinggi dengan 73 individu (40,11persen), diikuti habitat mangrove sebanyak 56 individu (30,77persen), dan habitat pantai sebanyak 53 individu (29,12persen). Komposisi komunitas burung menunjukkan perbedaan pola ekologis antarhabitat, di mana habitat pantai didominasi oleh burung air yang memanfaatkan zona pasang-surut dan perairan dangkal, habitat mangrove menunjukkan komposisi yang lebih beragam akibat kompleksitas struktur vegetasi, sedangkan habitat pemukiman didominasi oleh burung darat dan spesies sinantropik yang memiliki kemampuan adaptasi tinggi terhadap aktivitas manusia. Keberadaan beberapa spesies yang dijumpai pada lebih dari satu habitat mengindikasikan adanya konektivitas antarhabitat, sehingga ketiga habitat tersebut berperan secara saling melengkapi dalam mendukung keberadaan komunitas burung di kawasan Kuala Gigieng.

This study was conducted in the Kuala Gigieng Area, Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh, which serves as an important habitat for waterbirds, migratory birds, and terrestrial birds. The research background is based on the need for up-to-date data on bird species and their conservation status in coastal areas that are increasingly threatened by habitat degradation due to human activities. The objectives of this study were to identify bird species present in three habitat types (beach, mangrove, and settlement areas) and to determine their conservation status based on the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry No. P.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/12/2018, the IUCN Red List 2023, and CITES 2022. The study employed a quantitative descriptive survey method with a purposive sampling approach across three habitat types, each consisting of five observation points. Data collection was carried out over nine days (morning and afternoon) using point count and line transect methods. Species identification was conducted through direct observation, the field guide Birds of Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Kalimantan by MacKinnon, and the Merlin Bird ID application. Data were analyzed descriptively to determine species richness, habitat distribution, and conservation status. Based on observations in the Kuala Gigieng area, a total of 182 individual birds were recorded across the three habitat types: beach, mangrove, and settlement areas. The settlement habitat supported the highest number of individuals, with 73 individuals (40.11%), followed by the mangrove habitat with 56 individuals (30.77%), and the beach habitat with 53 individuals (29.12%). The composition of bird communities exhibited distinct ecological patterns among habitats. The beach habitat was dominated by waterbirds that utilize tidal zones and shallow waters, while the mangrove habitat showed a more diverse composition due to the structural complexity of its vegetation. In contrast, the settlement habitat was dominated by terrestrial birds and synanthropic species with a high adaptive capacity to human activities. The presence of several species across more than one habitat indicates habitat connectivity, suggesting that these three habitat types play complementary roles in supporting bird communities in the Kuala Gigieng area.