Electronic Theses and Dissertation

RINGKASAN
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan sistem irigasi tetes berbasis IoT untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penyiraman tanaman dan penggunaan air. Sistem dirancang agar mampu bekerja secara otomatis berdasarkan kondisi kelembaban tanah serta dapat dipantau secara real time melalui platform digital. Permasalahan utama yang melatar belakangi penelitian ini adalah rendahnya efisiensi metode penyiraman konvensional yang masih bergantung pada perkiraan petani, menyebabkan pemborosan air, ketidakteraturan distribusi, dan tingginya kebutuhan tenaga kerja.
Sistem yang dikembangkan menggunakan mikrokontroler LilyGO TTGO T-SIM7000G sebagai pusat kendali, yang terintegrasi dengan sensor kelembaban tanah kapasitif, sensor debit air, relay, dan solenoid valve sebagai aktuator. Data sensor dikirimkan melalui jaringan seluler dan ditampilkan secara real time pada aplikasi Blynk, serta direkam secara otomatis pada Google Sheets sebagai basis penyimpanan dan analisis data. Logika kendali sistem diterapkan dengan batas kelembaban minimum 30% dan maksimum 70%, dimana solenoid valve akan membuka saat kelembaban di bawah batas minimum dan menutup saat mencapai batas maksimum.
Pengujian sistem meliputi kalibrasi sensor, uji otomatisasi penyiraman, analisis frekuensi dan durasi ON–OFF solenoid valve, pengukuran debit emitter, serta evaluasi keandalan sistem IoT melalui parameter uptime dan keberhasilan pengiriman data. Analisis kinerja fertigasi tetes dilakukan dengan menghitung debit emitter dan koefisien keseragaman distribusi air. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu bekerja secara stabil, responsif terhadap perubahan kelembaban tanah, serta menghasilkan distribusi air yang seragam dengan kategori kinerja baik hingga sangat baik.

ABSTRACT This study aims to develop an IoT-based drip irrigation system to improve irrigation efficiency and water use. The system is designed to operate automatically based on soil moisture conditions and to be monitored in real time through a digital platform. The main issue underlying this research is the low efficiency of conventional irrigation methods that still rely on farmers’ estimations, leading to water wastage, uneven water distribution, and high labor requirements. The developed system uses a LilyGO TTGO T-SIM7000G microcontroller as the control unit, integrated with a capacitive soil moisture sensor, a water flow sensor, a relay, and a solenoid valve as actuators. Sensor data are transmitted via a cellular network and displayed in real time on the Blynk application, while being automatically recorded in Google Sheets for data storage and analysis. The control logic is implemented with a minimum soil moisture threshold of 30% and a maximum of 70%, where the solenoid valve opens when soil moisture falls below the minimum threshold and closes when it reaches the maximum threshold. System testing includes sensor calibration, automated irrigation testing, analysis of the ON–OFF frequency and duration of the solenoid valve, measurement of emitter discharge, and evaluation of the IoT system reliability based on uptime and data transmission success. The performance analysis of drip fertigation is conducted by calculating emitter discharge and the coefficient of water distribution uniformity. The results show that the system operates stably, responds well to changes in soil moisture, and produces uniform water distribution with good to very good performance categories.