Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Tanaman pala (Myristica fragrans) merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan dalam sektor perkebunan Indonesia, dan menjadi sumber pendapatan bagi banyak petani di Indonesia. Salah satu tantangan utama dalam budidaya pala adalah serangan jamur akar putih Rıgıdoporus microporus. Penyakit ini dapat penurunan produksi dan kualitas hasil. Jamur akar putih menjadi penyakit yang sangat penting karena penyebabnya memiliki kisaran inang yang luas. Selain menyerang pala dan karet, cendawan akar putih dapat menyerang teh, kopi, kakao, dan kelapa sawit. Pengendalian penyakit jamur akar putih ini biasanya mengandalkan penggunaan pestisida kimia, namun metode ini memiliki banyak kelemahan, seperti pencemaran lingkungan, peningkatan resistensi patogen, dan dampak negatif terhadap keanekaragaman hayati tanah. Oleh karena itu perlu upaya penanganan penyakit yang bersifat ramah lingkungan yaitu dengan permanfaatan penggunaan agens antagonis cendawan endofit, yang secara alami hidup di dalam jaringan tanaman tanpa menyebabkan penyakit pada tanaman inangnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi dan menguji potensi cendawan endofit asal akar tanaman pala sebagai agens antagonis terhadap penyakit jamur akar putih pada pala in vitro.
Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Ilmu Penyakit Tumbuhan Pogram Studi Proteksi Tanaman, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Mei sampai dengan oktober 2025. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan yaitu pengambilan sampel, isolasi cendawan endofit dan cendawan patogen, uji patogenisita, dilakukan karakterisasi cendawan endofit dan cendawan patogen secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis, kemudian dilakukan uji dual culture terhadap Rigidoporus sp. pada uji dual culture. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap non faktorial (RAL) dengan 8 isolat cendawan endofit dan 3 ulangan sehinga diperoleh 24 unit.
Berdasarkan hasil eksplorasi cendawan endofit asal akar tanaman pala sebagai agens antagonis terhadap jamur akar putih (Rigidoporus sp.) in-vitro, dijumpai 30 isolat cendawan yang didapatkan dari akar tanaman pala. Berdasarkan hasil seleksi melalui uji patogenitas isolat pada benih padi diperole 8 isolat cendawan non patogen dan 22 isolat patogen. Pada uji dual culture terdapat 5 Isolat cendawan endofit yang berhasil menekan pertumbuhan JAP dan memiliki persentase daya hambat di atas 50% yaitu kode isolate isolat, (Aspergilus sp. 1), 72,22%, (Aspergilus sp. 2), 76,11 %, (Aspergilus sp. 3), 73,89 %, (Trichoderma sp. 3), 68,22 %, (Aspergilus sp. 4), 77,33 %. Mekanisme cendawan dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur akar putih antara lain antibiosis dan kompetisi ruang.

Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) is a leading commodity in Indonesia's plantation sector and a source of income for many farmers. One of the main challenges in nutmeg cultivation is the white root fungus Rıgıdoporus microporus. This disease can reduce production and yield quality. White root fungus is a critical disease because it has a wide host range. In addition to attacking nutmeg and rubber, it can also infect tea, coffee, cocoa, and oil palm. Control of this white root fungus typically relies on the use of chemical pesticides, but this method has numerous drawbacks, such as environmental pollution, increased pathogen resistance, and negative impacts on soil biodiversity. Therefore, environmentally friendly disease management efforts are needed, namely the use of endophytic fungal antagonists, which naturally live within plant tissues without causing disease in their host plants. This study aims to explore and test the potential of endophytic fungi from nutmeg plant roots as antagonists against white root disease in nutmeg in vitro. This research was conducted at the Plant Pathology Laboratory, Plant Protection Study Program, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. This research was conducted from May to October 2025. The research method involved several stages: sampling, isolation of endophytic and pathogenic fungi, pathogenicity testing, macroscopic and microscopic characterization of the endophytic and pathogenic fungi, and a dual culture test on Rigidoporus sp. The experiment was arranged in a non-factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with eight endophytic fungal isolates and three replications, resulting in 24 experimental units. Based on the in vitro exploration of endophytic fungi from nutmeg roots as antagonistic agents against white root fungus (Rigidoporus sp.), 30 fungal isolates were obtained from nutmeg roots. Selection results using pathogenicity testing on rice seeds yielded eight non-pathogenic fungal isolates and 22 pathogenic isolates. In the dual culture test, there were 5 endophytic fungal isolates that successfully suppressed the growth of JAP and had an inhibitory percentage above 50%, namely the isolate codes, (Aspergilus sp. 1), 72.22%, (Aspergilus sp. 2), 76.11%, (Aspergilus sp. 3), 73.89%, (Trichoderma sp. 3), 68.22%, (Aspergilus sp. 4), 77.33%. The mechanisms of fungi in inhibiting the growth of white root fungus include antibiosis and space competition.