Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pewarna sintetis seperti biru metilena merupakan polutan persisten yang banyak ditemukan dalam limbah cair industri tekstil. Senyawa ini bersifat toksik, sukar terdegradasi secara alami, serta berpotensi mencemari lingkungan perairan melalui akumulasi pada sedimen dan organisme akuatik. Dampak yang ditimbulkan meliputi gangguan fotosintesis organisme autotrof, ketidakseimbangan ekosistem, serta risiko kesehatan manusia melalui rantai makanan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan teknologi pengolahan limbah yang efektif, ekonomis dan ramah lingkungan. Pemanfaatan limbah cangkang kerang darah (Anadara granosa) sebagai adsorben dan fotokatalis alami menjadi alternatif yang potensial karena kandungan CaCO₃ yang tinggi dan struktur berpori yang mendukung interaksi dengan polutan organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi bubuk cangkang kerang darah serta mengevaluasi kinerjanya dalam proses adsorpsi dan fotodegradasi biru metilena dengan bantuan sinar matahari. Karakterisasi material dilakukan menggunakan FTIR, SEM, XRD, XRF, dan BET. Uji adsorpsi dan fotodegradasi dilakukan dengan variasi bobot adsorben 0,01–0,05 g dan waktu kontak 120–240 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa material didominasi oleh CaCO₃ berfase aragonit dengan morfologi permukaan berbentuk lembaran dan batang, serta tergolong material mesopori dengan luas permukaan spesifik sebesar 1,35 m²/g. Efisiensi adsorpsi dan fotodegradasi meningkat seiring bertambahnya bobot dan waktu kontak, dengan efisiensi maksimum masing-masing sebesar 86,07% dan 90,26%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa cangkang kerang darah berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai material alternatif yang ramah lingkungan untuk pengolahan limbah cair industri tekstil berbasis energi surya.

Synthetic dyes such as methylene blue are persistent pollutants commonly found in textile industry wastewater. These compounds are toxic, difficult to degrade naturally, and have the potential to pollute aquatic environments through accumulation in sediments and aquatic organisms. The impacts include disruption of photosynthesis in autotrophic organisms, ecosystem imbalance, and risks to human health through the food chain. Therefore, effective, economical, and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment technologies are needed. The use of blood clam (Anadara granosa) shells as natural adsorbents and photocatalysts is a potential alternative due to their high CaCO₃ content and porous structure, which supports interaction with organic pollutants. This study aims to characterize blood clam shell powder and evaluate its performance in the adsorption and photodegradation of methylene blue with the help of sunlight. Material characterization was performed using FTIR, SEM, XRD, XRF, and BET. Adsorption and photodegradation tests were conducted with variations in adsorbent weight of 0.01–0.05 g and contact time of 120–240 minutes. The results showed that the material was dominated by aragonite-phase CaCO₃ with a sheet-like and rod-like surface morphology and was classified as a mesoporous material with a specific surface area of 1.35 m²/g. The adsorption and photodegradation efficiencies increased with increasing weight and contact time, with maximum efficiencies of 86.07% and 90.26%, respectively. These results indicate that blood clam shells have the potential to be developed as an environmentally friendly alternative material for solar-based textile industry wastewater treatment.