Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pencemaran logam berat timbal (Pb) pada perairan budidaya ikan air tawar berpotensi menimbulkan dampak toksik terhadap organisme akuatik, termasuk ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus), sehingga diperlukan upaya penanggulangan yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) sebagai agen fitoremediasi dalam menurunkan konsentrasi Pb pada media air budidaya ikan nila serta pengaruhnya terhadap kondisi fisiologis ikan. Penelitian dilakukan selama 14 hari menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan beberapa perlakuan biomassa eceng gondok dan tiga ulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi penurunan konsentrasi Pb dalam air menggunakan metode Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), akumulasi Pb pada jaringan eceng gondok, gambaran histopatologi limpa ikan nila, parameter hematologi (hemoglobin dan eritrosit), pertumbuhan bobot, tingkat kelangsungan hidup, serta kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fitoremediasi menggunakan eceng gondok mampu menurunkan konsentrasi Pb dalam air secara signifikan sebesar 77,85–78,46% dari konsentrasi awal 0,325 mg/L menjadi 0,070-0,072 mg/L. Akumulasi Pb tertinggi ditemukan pada jaringan akar eceng gondok, yang mengindikasikan peran utama akar dalam proses penyerapan logam berat. Penurunan konsentrasi Pb di media air diikuti dengan berkurangnya tingkat kerusakan histopatologi limpa ikan nila, seperti penurunan jumlah melanomacrophage center, nekrosis, dan hiperplasia, serta kondisi parameter hematologi yang lebih stabil dibandingkan perlakuan tanpa fitoremediasi. Selain itu, kualitas air tetap berada dalam kisaran optimal sehingga mendukung pertumbuhan dan meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup ikan nila. Penelitian ini memberikan manfaat ilmiah dan aplikatif dengan menunjukkan bahwa eceng gondok berpotensi digunakan sebagai solusi fitoremediasi alami untuk mengurangi dampak pencemaran timbal pada sistem budidaya ikan air tawar.

Lead (Pb) contamination in freshwater aquaculture systems poses serious toxic risks to aquatic organisms, including Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), highlighting the need for effective and environmentally friendly mitigation strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as a phytoremediation agent in reducing Pb concentrations in aquaculture water and to assess its effects on the physiological condition of Nile tilapia. The experiment was conducted for 14 days using a completely randomized design with several water hyacinth biomass treatments and three replications. The observed parameters included Pb concentration reduction in water measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), Pb accumulation in water hyacinth tissues, histopathological alterations of the spleen, hematological parameters (hemoglobin and erythrocyte counts), growth performance, survival rate, and water quality. The results showed that phytoremediation using water hyacinth significantly reduced Pb concentrations in water by 77.85–78.77%, from an initial concentration of 0.325 mg/L to 0.069–0.072 mg/L. The highest Pb accumulation was detected in the roots of water hyacinth, indicating that roots play a primary role in heavy metal uptake. The reduction of Pb concentration in the water was accompanied by decreased severity of spleen histopathological damage in Nile tilapia, as evidenced by reduced melanomacrophage centers, necrosis, and hyperplasia, as well as more stable hematological parameters compared to treatments without phytoremediation. In addition, water quality remained within optimal ranges, supporting better growth performance and higher survival rates of Nile tilapia. This study demonstrates that water hyacinth has strong potential as a natural phytoremediation agent to mitigate lead contamination in freshwater aquaculture systems.