Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Fenomena swabakar (spontaneous combustion) pada batubara merupakan salah satu permasalahan utama dalam kegiatan penyimpanan di area stockpile, terutama akibat pengelolaan penimbunan yang kurang optimal dan sistem rotasi yang tidak berjalan efektif. Faktor penyebab utama peningkatan suhu batubara di PT Indonesia Pacific Energy adalah lamanya waktu penimbunan dan ketinggian tumpukan yang melebihi batas aman (8 meter) akibat tidak berjalannya sistem FIFO secara optimal selama dua bulan. Suhu tertinggi tercatat pada tumpukan raw dengan kisaran 60–70°C, sedangkan produk relatif lebih stabil pada suhu 38–50°C. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor penyebab peningkatan suhu pada tumpukan batubara serta menerapkan langkah penanganan seperti spreading, compacting, dan steaming dalam upaya mencegah terjadinya swabakar di PT Indonesia Pacific Energy. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif melalui observasi lapangan secara langsung dan simulasi Monte Carlo sebanyak 10.000 iterasi guna memprediksi pola fluktuasi suhu dan tingkat ketidakpastian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah dilakukan penerapan langkah pengendalian seperti spreading, compacting, dan steaming, suhu tumpukan mengalami penurunan sebesar 13–17°C pada raw coal dan 14–18°C pada produk. Jika dibandingkan dengan suhu awal rata-rata, penurunan suhu mencapai sekitar 30–35% dari kondisi awal. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa metode pengendalian yang diterapkan efektif dalam mengurangi panas berlebih, memperlambat proses oksidasi, dan menekan risiko terjadinya swabakar pada tumpukan batubara.
Kata Kunci: Batubara, Swabakar, Stockpile, Suhu, Pengendalian.

Spontaneous combustion of coal is a major problem in stockpile storage, primarily due to suboptimal stockpiling management and an ineffective rotation system. The main factors causing the increase in coal temperature at PT Indonesia Pacific Energy are the length of stockpiling time and the stack height exceeding the safe limit (8 meters) due to the ineffective FIFO system for two months. The highest temperature was recorded in the raw pile at 60–70°C, while the product was relatively more stable at 38–50°C. Based on these conditions, this study was conducted to analyze the factors causing the increase in temperature in the coal pile and to implement mitigation measures such as spreading, compacting, and steaming in an effort to prevent spontaneous combustion at PT Indonesia Pacific Energy. The study used quantitative methods through direct field observations and 10,000 iterations of Monte Carlo simulations to predict temperature fluctuation patterns and uncertainty levels. The results showed that after implementing control measures such as spreading, compacting, and steaming, the stack temperature decreased by 13–17°C for raw coal and 14–18°C for product. Compared to the average initial temperature, the temperature decrease was approximately 30–35% of the initial condition. This indicates that the applied control methods were effective in reducing overheating, slowing the oxidation process, and reducing the risk of spontaneous combustion in coal stacks. Keywords: Coal, Self-burning, Stockpile, Temperature, Control.