Electronic Theses and Dissertation

ABSTRAK

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) masih menjadi permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat karena berisiko menular dari ibu ke anak selama kehamilan, persalinan, dan menyusui apabila tidak dilakukan upaya pencegahan secara optimal. Di Kota Banda Aceh, meskipun program Pencegahan Penularan HIV dari Ibu ke Anak (PPIA) telah terintegrasi dalam pelayanan antenatal, cakupan skrining HIV pada ibu hamil masih belum maksimal dan masih ditemukan kasus ibu hamil dengan HIV yang belum memperoleh tindak lanjut pelayanan kesehatan secara optimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang pencegahan penularan HIV dari ibu ke anak di Puskesmas Kota Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional dan melibatkan 108 ibu hamil yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner dengan 18 pernyataan yang dinyatakan valid dan reliabel, dengan nilai korelasi antar item r = 0,492–0,903 (p < 0,05–0,01) serta nilai Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar 0,951. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas ibu hamil memiliki tingkat pengetahuan kategori baik sebanyak 91 responden (84.3%), dan kategori cukup sebanyak 17 responden (15.7%). Tingkat pengetahuan baik didukung oleh dominasi responden pada usia produktif, tingkat pendidikan tinggi, serta keterpaparan ibu hamil terhadap pelayanan antenatal care yang disertai edukasi kesehatan dan skrining HIV. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasar bagi tenaga kesehatan dalam meningkatkan kualitas konseling selama pelayanan antenatal care, khususnya terkait HIV, sehingga ibu hamil memiliki pengetahuan yang lebih baik dan meminimalkan miskonsepsi mengenai penularan HIV.

ABSTRACT Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) continues to pose a significant public health challenge because of the potential for mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, childbirth, and lactation in the absence of optimal preventive measures. Although the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) program in Banda Aceh Municipality has been incorporated into antenatal care services, HIV screening coverage among pregnant women remains suboptimal, and instances of pregnant women with HIV who have not received adequate healthcare follow-up continue to be observed. This study, it aimed to describe the level of knowledge of pregnant women about preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission at Puskesmas Banda Aceh Municipality. This study used a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach and involved 108 pregnant women selected using a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument was a questionnaire with 18 statements that were declared valid and reliable, with an inter-item correlation value of r = 0.492–0.903 (p < 0.05–0.01) and a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.951. The findings showed that the majority of pregnant women (91 respondents (84.3%) had a good level of knowledge, and 17 (15.7%) had a fair level of knowledge. This good level of knowledge was supported by the predominance of respondents of productive age, high education levels, and exposure to antenatal care services that included health education and HIV screening. It is recommended that the results of this study should serve as a basis for health workers to improve the quality of counseling during antenatal care, particularly regarding HIV, so that pregnant women have better knowledge and minimize misconceptions about HIV transmission.