Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya sengketa wanprestasi dalam transaksi jual beli kendaraan bermotor yang menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum bagi para pihak, sebagaimana tergambar dalam perkara jual beli dua unit bus yang menyebabkan kerugian materiil dan immateriil bagi pembeli karena tidak diserahkannya dokumen Buku Pemilik Kendaraan Bermotor. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana pertimbangan hakim dalam Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Surabaya Nomor 457/PDT/2023/PT Sby dalam memutus sengketa wanprestasi serta apakah putusan tersebut telah mencerminkan tujuan hukum berupa keadilan dan kepastian hukum.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji pertimbangan Majelis Hakim Pengadilan Tinggi Surabaya dalam memutus perkara wanprestasi serta menilai kesesuaiannya dengan tujuan hukum.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan pendekatan kasus melalui kajian terhadap Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Surabaya Nomor 824/Pdt.G/2022/PN.Sby, Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Surabaya Nomor 457/PDT/2023/PT Sby, serta Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2907 K/Pdt/2024, dipadukan dengan doktrin hukum dan ketentuan KUH Perdata.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pengadilan Tinggi Surabaya mengabulkan eksepsi error in persona dan menyatakan gugatan tidak dapat diterima, namun pertimbangan tersebut lebih menonjolkan aspek formal tanpa menggali fakta konkrit mengenai keterlibatan para tergugat dan pemenuhan prestasi, sehingga mengabaikan keadilan substantif. Mahkamah Agung kemudian membatalkan putusan tersebut dan menguatkan putusan Pengadilan Negeri Surabaya dengan menyatakan para tergugat telah wanprestasi, yang sejalan dengan prinsip pacta sunt servanda dan asas perlindungan terhadap pihak beritikad baik.

Oleh karena itu, disarankan agar hakim dalam menangani sengketa wanprestasi mempertimbangkan keseimbangan antara aspek prosedural dan keadilan substantif untuk menjamin kepastian hukum dan memberikan perlindungan hukum yang efektif bagi pihak yang dirugikan.

This research is motivated by the increasing number of disputes arising from breach of contract in motor vehicle sale and purchase transactions, which give rise to legal uncertainty for the parties, as illustrated by a case involving the sale of two buses that resulted in material and immaterial losses to the buyer due to the failure to deliver the Motor Vehicle Ownership Book (Buku Pemilik Kendaraan Bermotor/BPKB). The issues examined in this study are the judicial considerations applied by the judges in the Decision of the Surabaya High Court Number 457/PDT/2023/PT Sby in adjudicating the breach of contract dispute, and whether such decision reflects the objectives of law in the form of justice and legal certainty. The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the considerations of the Panel of Judges of the Surabaya High Court in deciding the breach of contract case and to assess their conformity with the objectives of law. This study constitutes normative juridical legal research employing statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, conducted through an examination of the Decision of the Surabaya District Court Number 824/Pdt.G/2022/PN.Sby, the Decision of the Surabaya High Court Number 457/PDT/2023/PT Sby, and the Supreme Court Decision Number 2907 K/Pdt/2024, in conjunction with legal doctrines and the provisions of the Indonesian Civil Code (KUH Perdata). The findings indicate that the Surabaya High Court upheld the exception of error in persona and declared the claim inadmissible; however, its considerations predominantly emphasized formal aspects without sufficiently exploring the concrete facts regarding the involvement of the defendants and the fulfillment of contractual obligations, thereby neglecting substantive justice. Subsequently, the Supreme Court annulled the High Court’s decision and affirmed the decision of the Surabaya District Court by declaring that the defendants had committed a breach of contract, which is consistent with the principle of pacta sunt servanda and the principle of protecting parties acting in good faith. Accordingly, it is recommended that judges, in adjudicating breach of contract disputes, consider a balanced approach between procedural aspects and substantive justice in order to ensure legal certainty and to provide effective legal protection for the aggrieved party.