Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Penyakit paru kronik seperti TB paru, PPOK, bronkiektasis, dan kanker paru dapat kerusakan struktur paru yang meningkatkan risiko kolonisasi atau infeksi jamur, terutama Aspergillus spp. Deteksi dini terhadap karakteristik klinis dan temuan radiologis pada kelompok pasien berisiko penting untuk mencegah progresivitas penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik klinis dan foto toraks pada pasien penyakit paru kronik berisiko mikosis paru berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional pada 43 pasien penyakit paru kronik di RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh. Teknik
pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dan telaah rekam medis. Gejala yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah batuk (90,7%), diikuti oleh fatigue (88,4%), sesak napas (72,1%), nyeri dada (32,6%), dan hemoptisis (14,0%). Temuan foto toraks paling dominan adalah fibrosis (93,0%), diikuti bronkiektasis (11,6%), kavitas (11,6%), dan fungus ball (2,3%). Keluhan klinis maupun kelainan radiologis lebih banyak ditemukan pada pasien usia lanjut (≥60 tahun) dan laki-laki. Pasien penyakit paru kronik berisiko mikosis paru umumnya menunjukkan gejala respirasi dominan berupa batuk dan sesak napas, dengan fibrosis sebagai temuan radiologis terbanyak. Usia lanjut, jenis
kelamin laki-laki, dan kerusakan struktural paru menjadi faktor yang paling menonjol pada kelompok berisiko. Temuan ini mendukung pentingnya kewaspadaan terhadap infeksi jamur pada pasien dengan penyakit paru kronik.

Kata Kunci: Penyakit Paru Kronik, Mikosis paru, Karakteristik Klinis, Foto
Toraks, Fibrosis Paru

Chronic lung diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis, and lung cancer can cause persistent structural damage to lung tissue, which increases the risk of fungal colonization or infection, particularly by Aspergillus spp. Early detection of clinical characteristics and radiological findings in at-risk patients is essential to prevent disease progression. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and chest X-ray findings of patients with chronic lung disease who are at risk of pulmonary mycosis, based on age and sex. This research employed a descriptive observational design with a cross-sectional approach involving 43 patients with chronic lung disease treated at Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital, Banda Aceh. Total sampling was used. Data were collected through direct interviews and medical record reviews. The most frequently reported symptoms were cough (90.7%), followed by fatigue (88.4%), dyspnea (72.1%), chest pain (32.6%), and hemoptysis (14.0%). The most common radiological finding was fibrosis (93.0%), followed by bronchiectasis (11.6%), cavity (11.6%), and fungus ball (2.3%). Both clinical complaints and radiological abnormalities were more often observed in older patients (≥60 years) and males. Patients with chronic lung disease at risk of pulmonary mycosis generally presented with predominant respiratory symptoms, particularly cough and dyspnea, with fibrosis as the most frequent radiological finding. Older age, male sex, and structural lung damage were the most notable factors among the at-risk group. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining vigilance for fungal infections in patients with chronic lung disease. Keywords: Chronic lung disease, pulmonary mycosis, clinical characteristics, chest X-ray, pulmonary fibrosis