Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia, termasuk di Kota Banda Aceh, dengan kasus tertinggi pada wilayah kerja Puskesmas Meuraxa. Tingginya angka kejadian DBD berkaitan erat dengan perilaku masyarakat dalam melakukan upaya pencegahan. Salah satu model yang dapat menjelaskan perilaku kesehatan masyarakat adalah Health Belief Model (HBM), yang menekankan pada persepsi kerentanan, keparahan, manfaat, hambatan, isyarat untuk bertindak, dan ancaman dalam memengaruhi perilaku kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan konsep Health Belief Model dengan perilaku pencegahan DBD di Kecamatan Meuraxa Kota Banda Aceh. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan 107 responden kepala keluarga (KK) melalui teknik proportionate stratified random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner HBM dan kuesioner perilaku pencegahan DBD, dan dianalisis menggunakan uji Spearman Rank serta regresi logistik ordinal. Hasil bivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel persepsi manfaat (rs = 0,262; p = 0,006), isyarat untuk bertindak (rs = 0,227; p = 0,019), dan persepsi keparahan (rs = –0,247; p = 0,010) memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan perilaku pencegahan DBD. Sedangkan persepsi kerentanan, ancaman, dan hambatan tidak menunjukkan hubungan signifikan (p > 0,1). Pada analisis multivariat, terdapat tiga variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan pada taraf signifikansi 95%, yaitu persepsi manfaat (OR = 14,85; p = 0,029), isyarat untuk bertindak (OR = 10,32; p = 0,013), dan persepsi hambatan (OR = 4,00; p = 0,059), dengan persepsi manfaat sebagai variabel paling dominan. Disimpulkan bahwa persepsi manfaat, isyarat untuk bertindak, dan persepsi keparahan berperan penting dalam membentuk perilaku pencegahan DBD, didukung oleh kontribusi persepsi hambatan pada analisis multivariat. Penguatan promosi kesehatan berbasis manfaat tindakan, peningkatan isyarat untuk bertindak, serta pemahaman mengenai tingkat keparahan DBD diperlukan untuk meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam upaya pengendalian DBD.
Kata kunci : Health Belief Model, perilaku pencegahan DBD

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a public health problem in Indonesia, including in Banda Aceh City, with the highest number of cases occurring in the working area of Meuraxa Primary Health Center. The high incidence of DHF is closely related to community behavior in carrying out preventive measures. One of the models that can explain community health behavior is the Health Belief Model (HBM), which emphasizes perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and perceived threat in influencing health behavior. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the Health Belief Model constructs and DHF preventive behavior in Meuraxa District, Banda Aceh City. A cross-sectional design was applied involving 107 household heads selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected using an HBM questionnaire and a DHF prevention behavior questionnaire and analyzed using Spearman Rank test and ordinal logistic regression. The bivariate results showed that perceived benefits (r = 0.262; p = 0.006), cues to action (r = 0.227; p = 0.019), and perceived severity (rs = –0.247; p = 0.010) had significant relationships with DHF preventive behavior. Meanwhile, perceived susceptibility, threat, and barriers showed no significant relationships (p > 0.1). Multivariate analysis revealed three variables that significantly influenced preventive behavior at the 95% significance level, namely perceived benefits (OR = 14.85; p = 0.029), cues to action (OR = 10.32; p = 0.013), and perceived barriers (OR = 4.00; p = 0.059), with perceived benefits emerging as the most dominant factor. It is concluded that perceived benefits, cues to action, and perceived severity play important roles in shaping DHF preventive behavior, supported by the contribution of perceived barriers in the multivariate analysis. Strengthening health promotion focusing on the benefits of preventive actions, enhancing cues to action, and improving public understanding of DHF severity are essential to increase community participation in DHF control efforts. Keywords : Health Belief Model, Dengue Prevention Behavior