Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Status gizi, massa lemak, dan massa otot merupakan indikator penting dalam menilai keseimbangan antara asupan energi dan makronutrien dengan kebutuhan fisiologis tubuh. Mahasiswa kedokteran berisiko mengalami ketidakseimbangan gizi akibat aktivitas akademik yang padat dan pola makan tidak teratur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan energi dan makronutrien (karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak) dengan status gizi, massa lemak, dan massa otot pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Syiah Kuala dengan pendekatan kuantitatif cross-sectional, melibatkan 62 mahasiswa yang dipilih secara stratified random sampling. Data asupan energi dan makronutrien diperoleh melalui metode food recall 2x24 hours, sedangkan status gizi, massa lemak, dan massa otot diukur menggunakan alat Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman Rank. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asupan energi, karbohidrat, dan protein mayoritas pada kategori kurang dari AKG (Angka Kecukupan Gizi), yaitu energi 27 orang (43,5%), karbohidrat 40 orang (64,5%), protein 25 orang (40,3%). Asupan Lemak mayoritas pada kategori lebih yaitu 23 orang (37,1%). Status gizi mayoritas pada kategori normal yaitu 25 orang (40,3%), massa lemak pada kategori tinggi yaitu 25 orang (40,3%), massa otot normal yaitu 41 orang (66,1%). Analisis bivariat menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara asupan protein dengan status gizi (p=0,014), tidak ada hubungan antara asupan energi dengan status gizi (p=0,054), karbohidrat dengan status gizi (p=0,050), lemak dengan status gizi (p=0,137). Terdapat hubungan antara asupan protein dengan massa lemak (p=0,002), dan tidak terdapat hubungan asupan energi dengan massa lemak (p=0,111), karbohidrat dengan massa lemak (p=0,277), dan lemak dengan massa lemak (p=0,084). Terdapat hubungan antara asupan energi dengan massa otot (p=0,030), protein dengan massa otot (p=0,024), dan lemak dengan massa otot (p=0,033). Tidak terdapat hubungan karbohidrat dengan massa otot (p=0,065). Disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan antara asupan protein dengan status gizi, asupan protein dengan massa lemak, dan asupan energi, protein, lemak dengan massa otot. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan energi, karbohidrat, lemak dengan status gizi. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan energi, karbohidrat, lemak dengan massa lemak. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan karbohidrat dengan massa otot mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Syiah Kuala.

Kata kunci: asupan energi, makronutrien, status gizi, massa lemak, massa otot, mahasiswa kedokteran

Nutritional status, fat mass, and muscle mass are important indicators for assessing the balance between energy and macronutrient intake and the body’s physiological needs. Medical students are at risk of nutritional imbalance due to demanding academic activities and irregular eating patterns. This study aimed to determine the relationship between energy and macronutrient intake (carbohydrates, protein, and fat) with nutritional status, fat mass, and muscle mass among students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala. This quantitative cross-sectional study involved 62 students selected through stratified random sampling. Data on energy and macronutrient intake were collected using the 2×24-hour food recall method, while nutritional status, fat mass, and muscle mass were measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Data analysis was performed using the Spearman Rank correlation test. The results showed that the majority of participants had energy, carbohydrate, and protein intakes below the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), with 27 students (43.5%) for energy, 40 students (64.5%) for carbohydrates, and 25 students (40.3%) for protein. Fat intake was mostly above the RDA, reported in 23 students (37.1%). Most participants had normal nutritional status (25 students, 40.3%), high fat mass (25 students, 40.3%), and normal muscle mass (41 students, 66.1%). Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between protein intake and nutritional status (p=0.014), but no significant relationship was found between energy intake (p=0.054), carbohydrate intake (p=0.050), or fat intake (p=0.137) with nutritional status. A significant relationship was found between protein intake and fat mass (p=0.002), while energy (p=0.111), carbohydrate (p=0.277), and fat intake (p=0.084) showed no significant relationship with fat mass. Significant relationships were observed between energy intake (p=0.030), protein intake (p=0.024), and fat intake (p=0.033) with muscle mass, whereas carbohydrate intake showed no significant association with muscle mass (p=0.065). It is concluded that there are significant associations between protein intake and nutritional status, between protein intake and fat mass, and between energy, protein, and fat intake and muscle mass. No significant relationship was found between energy, carbohydrate, or fat intake and nutritional status, nor between energy, carbohydrate, or fat intake and fat mass. Carbohydrate intake also showed no significant relationship with muscle mass among medical students at Universitas Syiah Kuala. Keywords: energy intake, macronutrients, nutritional status, fat mass, muscle mass, medical students