Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Hipertensi merupakan salah satu faktor risiko utama terjadinya gangguan fungsi kognitif melalui mekanisme kerusakan vaskular otak, penurunan perfusi serebral, serta disfungsi endotel akibat paparan tekanan darah tinggi yang berlangsung lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara lama hipertensi dengan gangguan fungsi kognitif pada pasien hipertensi di Puskesmas Darul Imarah Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Penelitian menggunakan desain analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, dilaksanakan pada September–Oktober tahun 2025, dengan jumlah sampel 97 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Lama hipertensi diukur melalui wawancara, sedangkan fungsi kognitif dinilai menggunakan Montreal Cognitive Assessment versi Indonesia (MoCA-INA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas responden berada pada usia 40–59 tahun (88,7%), berjenis kelamin perempuan (81,4%), pendidikan terakhir, menengah (51,5%), serta memiliki lama hipertensi kategori pendek (1–5 tahun) sebanyak 51,5%. Sebagian besar responden mengalami gangguan fungsi kognitif ringan (50,5%) berdasarkan skor MoCA-INA. Uji Spearman Rank menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara lama hipertensi dan gangguan fungsi kognitif (ρ = –0,270; p = 0,008), dengan arah korelasi negatif yang berarti semakin lama seseorang menderita hipertensi, semakin rendah skor fungsi kognitifnya. Temuan ini memperkuat bukti bahwa durasi hipertensi berperan penting dalam peningkatan risiko penurunan kognitif. Upaya pengendalian tekanan darah dan skrining fungsi kognitif secara berkala perlu dilakukan terutama pada pasien dengan hipertensi jangka panjang.

Kata kunci: lama hipertensi, fungsi kognitif, MoCA-INA

Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for cognitive impairment through mechanisms involving vascular damage, reduced cerebral perfusion, and endothelial dysfunction due to prolonged exposure to high blood pressure. This study aims to determine the relationship between the duration of hypertension and cognitive impairment among hypertensive patients at Darul Imarah Health Center, Aceh Besar District. This analytical observational study employed a cross-sectional design and was conducted from September to October 2025 with a total sample of 97 respondents selected using consecutive sampling. The duration of hypertension was assessed through interviews, while cognitive function was evaluated using the Indonesian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-INA). The results showed that most respondents were aged 40–59 years (88,7%), female (81.4%), had a middle-level education (51.5%), and experienced a short duration of hypertension (1–5 years) (51.5%). Based on MoCA-INA scores, the majority of respondents had mild cognitive impairment (50.5%). Spearman Rank correlation analysis indicated a significant relationship between the duration of hypertension and cognitive impairment (ρ = –0.270; p = 0.008), with a negative correlation, meaning that the longer a person has hypertension, the lower their cognitive function score. These findings support evidence that hypertension duration plays an important role in increasing the risk of cognitive decline. Blood pressure control and routine cognitive screening are essential, especially for patients with long-standing hypertension. Keywords: duration of hypertension, cognitive function, MoCA-INA