Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Hepatocellular Carsinoma (HCC) merupakan kanker hati primer yang paling sering ditemukan dan menjadi penyebab utama kematian akibat kanker di dunia. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) digunakan secara luas sebagai penanda tumor dalam diagnosis dan pemantauan HCC, di mana peningkatan kadar AFP diduga berkorelasi dengan derajat keparahan penyakit berdasarkan sistem klasifikasi Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar AFP dengan derajat keparahan HCC berdasarkan klasifikasi BCLC di RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh tahun 2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, dengan data diperoleh dari rekam medis pasien HCC yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sebanyak 40 pasien dijadikan sampel dan dibagi berdasarkan stadium BCLC (A–D), kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney karena data tidak berdistribusi normal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi pasien terbanyak terdapat pada stadium BCLC B (37,5%) dengan mayoritas berjenis kelamin laki-laki dan rentang usia 14–74 tahun. Kadar AFP menunjukkan rentang luas (1,41–1000 ng/mL) dengan nilai yang meningkat seiring bertambahnya derajat BCLC dimana kadar AFP pada stadium awal yaitu 1,41-1000 ng/mL dan stadium lanjut yaitu 68,86-1000 ng/mL, serta terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kadar AFP pada stadium awal dan stadium lanjut dengan p = 0,00. Penelitian ini menunjuukan terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kadar AFP dengan derajat keparahan HCC, di mana peningkatan kadar AFP pada stadium lanjut mencerminkan aktivitas tumor yang lebih agresif serta gangguan fungsi hati yang lebih berat. Pemeriksaan AFP dapat dijadikan indikator tambahan dalam menilai progresivitas HCC meskipun perlu dikombinasikan dengan penilaian klinis dan radiologis lainnya.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is widely used as a tumor marker in the diagnosis and monitoring of HCC, where elevated AFP levels are suspected to correlate with disease severity based on the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification system. This study aimed to determine the association between AFP levels and the severity of HCC according to the BCLC classification at Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital, Banda Aceh, in 2024. This research employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach, using data obtained from the medical records of HCC patients who met the inclusion criteria. A total of 40 patients were included as samples and categorized according to BCLC stages (A–D), followed by analysis using the Mann–Whitney test due to non-normal data distribution. The results showed that the majority of patients were in BCLC stage B (37.5%), predominantly male, with an age range of 14–74 years. AFP levels demonstrated a wide range (1.41–1000 ng/mL) and tended to increase with advancing BCLC stages, where AFP levels in early-stage disease ranged from 1.41–1000 ng/mL and in advanced-stage disease from 68.86–1000 ng/mL. A significant difference was found between AFP levels in early and advanced stages (p = 0.00). This study indicates a significant association between AFP levels and the severity of HCC, where elevated AFP levels in advanced stages reflect more aggressive tumor activity and more severe hepatic dysfunction. AFP measurement may serve as an additional indicator for assessing HCC progression, although it should be used in conjunction with other clinical and radiological assessments.