Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pneumonia merupakan salah satu penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas pada pasien kritis yang dirawat di unit perawatan intensif, terutama pada pasien dengan komorbiditas dan gangguan fungsi organ yang memerlukan pemantauan ketat. Variasi etiologi bakteri, jenis pneumonia, dan kondisi klinis pasien berperan penting dalam menentukan derajat keparahan serta luaran klinis selama perawatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik klinis, etiologi bakteri, jenis pneumonia, serta luaran klinis pasien pneumonia yang dirawat di unit perawatan intensif RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh pada tahun 2023–2024. Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan retrospektif dan desain cross-sectional menggunakan total sampling terhadap 43 rekam medis pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas pasien berada pada kelompok usia >60 tahun (37,2%), berjenis kelamin perempuan (51,2%), dan memiliki komorbid terbanyak berupa hipertensi (30,1%) serta diabetes melitus (27,8%). Sebagian besar pasien menggunakan ventilator mekanik (79,1%) dan berasal dari kelompok non-bedah (90,7%). Etiologi bakteri yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah Staphylococcus aureus (27,9%), sedangkan 58,1% sampel tidak menunjukkan pertumbuhan bakteri. Jenis pneumonia yang paling sering dijumpai adalah community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) sebesar 72,1%, diikuti hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) sebesar 27,9%, dan tidak ditemukan kasus ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Luaran klinis menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas pasien meninggal (83,7%), sedangkan 16,3% mengalami perbaikan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pasien pneumonia di unit perawatan intensif RSUDZA didominasi usia lanjut dengan komorbid kardiometabolik, penggunaan ventilator tinggi, dan memiliki angka mortalitas yang signifikan. Hasil ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar perbaikan tata laksana klinis serta pencegahan infeksi di unit perawatan intensif.

Pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units, particularly in individuals with comorbidities and impaired organ function requiring close monitoring. Variations in bacterial etiology, types of pneumonia, and patient clinical profiles play an important role in determining disease severity and clinical outcomes. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, bacterial etiology, types of pneumonia, and clinical outcomes of pneumonia patients treated in the intensive care units of Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital Banda Aceh during the period 2023–2024. This research was a quantitative descriptive study with a retrospective approach and crosssectional design using total sampling of 43 medical records that met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that most patients were aged ≥60 years (37.2%), predominantly female (51.2%), and commonly presented with comorbidities such as hypertension (30.1%) and diabetes mellitus (27.8%). A large proportion of patients required mechanical ventilation (79.1%), and most were non-surgical cases (90.7%). The most frequently identified bacterial etiology was Staphylococcus aureus (27.9%), while 58.1% of samples showed no bacterial growth. The majority of cases were classified as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) (72.1%), followed by hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) (27.9%), with no cases of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) identified. Clinical outcomes indicated that most patients experienced mortality (83.7%), while only 16.3% showed improvement. This study concludes that pneumonia patients in the intensive care units of RSUDZA were predominantly elderly with cardiometabolic comorbidities, had a high rate of ventilator use, and experienced substantial mortality, highlighting the need for improved clinical management and infection prevention strategies in intensive care settings.