Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Penyakit menular masih menjadi tantangan kesehatan global yang dapat dicegah melalui vaksinasi. Tingkat cakupan vaksinasi di Provinsi Aceh, Indonesia tergolong rendah, sebagian disebabkan oleh faktor keagamaan dan politik-ekonomi yang memengaruhi persepsi masyarakat terhadap vaksin. Ulama sebagai figur sentral dalam kehidupan religius masyarakat Aceh memiliki peran penting dalam membentuk pandangan dan keputusan terhadap vaksinasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi alasan penolakan vaksinasi di kalangan ulama Aceh dari perspektif agama dan politik-ekonomi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap sebelas ulama yang menolak vaksinasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan thematic analysis dengan bantuan perangkat lunak ATLAS.ti untuk mengidentifikasi tema-tema utama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman ulama terhadap vaksinasi beragam, sebagian memahami vaksin sebagai upaya medis yang sejalan dengan prinsip hifz an-nafs, sementara lainnya menolak karena isu kehalalan bahan vaksin, keyakinan pada takdir Allah, serta pandangan bahwa vaksinasi terkait kepentingan politik dan ekonomi global. Faktor seperti hoaks dan ketidakpercayaan terhadap pemerintah, semakin memperkuat penolakan terhadap vaksinasi. Para ulama menilai vaksinasi dapat diterima jika terbukti aman dan halal sesuai fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI). Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa penolakan vaksinasi di kalangan ulama Aceh tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor keagamaan, tetapi juga oleh dinamika politik-ekonomi yang kompleks. Temuan ini diharapkan menjadi dasar bagi strategi komunikasi kesehatan yang melibatkan ulama dalam meningkatkan penerimaan vaksinasi di Provinsi Aceh.

Infectious diseases remain a significant global health challenge, despite being preventable through vaccination. Vaccination coverage in Aceh Province, Indonesia, remains relatively low. This is partly attributed to religious and politico-economic factors that influence public perceptions of vaccines. As central figures in the religious life of Acehnese society, ulama play a crucial role in shaping public views and decision-making regarding vaccination. This study aims to explore the underlying reasons for vaccine refusal among ulama in Aceh, examined from both religious and politico-economic perspectives. A qualitative case study approach was employed, involving in-depth interviews with eleven ulama who expressed opposition to vaccination. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, supported by the ATLAS.ti software to identify key emerging themes. The findings reveal a diversity of perspectives among ulama concerning vaccination. Some perceive vaccination as a medical effort aligned with the Islamic principle of hifz an-nafs (the protection of life), while others reject it due to concerns over the halal status of vaccine ingredients, belief in divine predestination (qadar Allah), and perceptions that vaccination is driven by global political and economic interests. Additional contributing factors include the spread of misinformation and distrust toward the government, all of which further reinforce resistance to vaccination. Nevertheless, ulama indicated that vaccination may be acceptable if it is proven to be safe and halal in accordance with the fatwa of the Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI). This study highlights that vaccine rejection among Acehnese ulama is influenced not only by theological considerations but also by complex politico-economic dynamics. These findings are expected to inform the development of effective health communication strategies that actively involve religious leaders in efforts to improve vaccine acceptance in Aceh Province.