Electronic Theses and Dissertation

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh upah minimum, pertumbuhan
ekonomi, dan investasi asing terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di provinsi Pulau
Sumatera. Data yang digunakan berupa data panel 10 provinsi di Sumatera selama
periode 2019-2023. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel
dengan pendekatan fixed effect model (FEM) setelah melalui uji spesifikasi model.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel upah minimum berpengaruh negatif
terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja, variabel pertumbuhan ekonomi berpengaruh
positif terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja, dan variabel investasi asing tidak
berpengaruh terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di provinsi Pulau Sumatera. Temuan
ini menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan upah minimum dapat menurunkan penyerapan
tenaga kerja karena meningkatkan beban biaya perusahaan, sementara pertumbuhan
ekonomi mampu memperluas kesempatan kerja melalui peningkatan aktivitas
produksi. Selain itu, investasi asing mengindikasikan bahwa masuknya modal asing
belum sepenuhnya mampu menciptakan lapangan kerja baru secara optimal di
provinsi-provinsi Pulau Sumatera. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah disarankan
menetapkan kebijakan upah yang proporsional, memperkuat sektor-sektor
produktif, mengarahkan investasi asing ke sektor padat karya, dan meningkatkan
kualitas sumber daya manusia melalui pendidikan serta pelatihan vokasional.
Kata kunci: Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja, Upah Minimum, Pertumbuhan
Ekonomi, Investasi Asing.

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the influence the effect of minimum wage, economic growth, and foreign investment on labor absorption in the provinces of Sumatra Island. The data used are panel data from 10 provinces in Sumatra during the period 2019-2023. The analytical method employed is panel data regression with a fixed effect model (FEM) approach after conducting specification test. The results show that the minimum wage variable has a negative effect on labor absorption, the economic growth variable has a positive effect on labor absorption, and the foreign investment variable has no significant effect on labor absorption in the provinces of Sumatra Island. These findings indicate that an increase in the minimum wage may reduce labor absorption due to higher production costs for companies, while economic growth can expand employment opportunities through increased production activities. In addition, foreign investment suggests that the inflow of foreign capital has not yet been able to optimally create new job opportunities in the provinces of Sumatera Island. Therefore, it is recommended that the government implement a proportional minimum wage policy, strengthen productive sectors to foster inclusive growth, channer foreign investment into labor intensive industries, and enchance human capital through education and vocational training. Keywords: Labor Absorption, Minimum Wage, Economic Growth, Foreign Investment