Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Obat tradisional banyak digunakan sebagai pengobatan alternatif karena bahan-bahannya yang alami serta mudah diperoleh oleh masyarakat. Namun demikian, kekhawatiran terhadap kemungkinan kontaminasi logam berat, khususnya pada produk kesehatan wanita, menekankan pentingnya analisis kimia yang cepat dan akurat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi serta mengukur unsur logam dan non-logam pada tiga belas sampel obat tradisional wanita yang beredar di Banda Aceh dengan menggunakan metode Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy atau CF-LIBS. Sistem LIBS yang digunakan terdiri atas laser jenis Nd:YAG dengan panjang gelombang seribu enam puluh empat nanometer, spektrometer Optical Multichannel Analyzer, dan kamera Intensified CCD. Proses ablasi dilakukan pada tekanan atmosfer satu atmosfer. Suhu plasma ditentukan berdasarkan garis emisi kalsium dengan panjang gelombang empat ratus tiga puluh satu koma tujuh dua, empat ratus empat puluh dua koma enam nol, empat ratus empat puluh lima koma lima delapan, empat ratus dua puluh dua koma enam tujuh, dan empat ratus dua puluh delapan koma dua sembilan nanometer, dengan nilai yang berkisar antara enam ribu tiga ratus enam puluh Kelvin hingga empat puluh enam ribu sembilan ratus Kelvin. Sebagian besar suhu plasma berada dalam rentang sepuluh ribu hingga dua puluh ribu Kelvin yang memenuhi syarat untuk tercapainya keseimbangan termodinamika lokal. Kepadatan elektron dihitung menggunakan garis kalsium pada panjang gelombang tiga ratus sembilan puluh tiga koma empat enam nanometer, dengan nilai antara enam koma nol nol kali sepuluh pangkat enam belas hingga sembilan koma lima empat kali sepuluh pangkat enam belas per sentimeter kubik, yang jauh di atas batas kriteria McWhirter sebesar satu kali sepuluh pangkat lima belas per sentimeter kubik, sehingga mengonfirmasi kondisi keseimbangan termodinamika lokal. Data spektral diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak OriginLab dan diverifikasi melalui basis data spektrum atom milik NIST serta basis data LIBS. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa unsur utama yang teridentifikasi meliputi karbon, hidrogen, nitrogen, dan oksigen, yang menggambarkan kandungan organik yang tinggi. Unsur mineral seperti kalsium, kalium, magnesium, dan fosfor juga ditemukan, menandakan adanya nilai gizi tambahan. Unsur jejak berupa aluminium, besi, tembaga, dan kromium terdeteksi dalam batas aman, sedangkan logam berat beracun seperti timbal, arsen, kadmium, dan merkuri tidak terdeteksi. Secara keseluruhan, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode CF-LIBS merupakan teknik yang cepat, efektif, dan andal untuk analisis unsur serta pengendalian kualitas obat tradisional wanita, khususnya dalam pemantauan potensi kontaminasi logam berat.
Kata kunci: Obat Tradisional, Logam Berat, Calibration-Free LIBS, Analisis Unsur, Kesehatan Wanita.

Traditional medicine is widely used as an alternative treatment because of its natural ingredients and easy accessibility. However, concerns regarding the potential contamination of heavy metals, particularly in women’s health products, emphasize the need for rapid and accurate chemical analysis. This study aims to identify and quantify both metallic and non-metallic elements in thirteen samples of women’s traditional medicine from Banda Aceh using the Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy or CF-LIBS method. The LIBS system employed consists of a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser with a wavelength of one thousand sixty-four nanometers, an Optical Multichannel Analyzer spectrometer, and an Intensified Charge-Coupled Device camera. The samples were ablated under atmospheric pressure. The plasma temperature was determined based on the calcium emission lines at wavelengths of four hundred thirty-one point seven two, four hundred forty-two point six zero, four hundred forty-five point five eight, four hundred twenty-two point six seven, and four hundred twenty-eight point two nine nanometers, with values ranging from approximately six thousand three hundred sixty to forty-six thousand nine hundred Kelvin. Most plasma temperatures were within the range of ten thousand to twenty thousand Kelvin, which is suitable for achieving Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium conditions. The electron density was calculated using the calcium spectral line at a wavelength of three hundred ninety-three point four six nanometers, yielding values between about six times ten to the power of sixteen and nine point five times ten to the power of sixteen per cubic centimeter. These values are far above the McWhirter criterion of one times ten to the power of fifteen per cubic centimeter, confirming that the plasma fulfilled the equilibrium condition. Spectral data were processed using the OriginLab software and verified with the National Institute of Standards and Technology Atomic Spectra Database and the LIBS Database. The main elements identified were carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, indicating a high organic composition. Minerals such as calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus were also detected, suggesting the presence of additional nutritional components. Trace elements including aluminum, iron, copper, and chromium were found within safe concentration limits, while toxic heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury were not detected. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the CF-LIBS method is a fast, reliable, and effective approach for elemental analysis and quality control of women’s traditional medicine, particularly in monitoring potential heavy metal contamination. Keywords: Traditional Medicine, Heavy Metals, Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Elemental Analysis, Women’s Health.