Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Eksplorasi tanaman kelor merupakan cara untuk menggali informasi, mengidentifikasi keragaman, dan memetakan distribusi kelor guna mendukung konservasi, pemanfaatan, serta pengembangan budidaya tanaman tersebut. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui keragaman karakter morfologi, baik kualitatif maupun kuantitatif, serta memetakan pola sebaran tanaman kelor di Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari–April 2025 dengan metode survei pada 50 titik sampel tanaman kelor yang tersebar di 10 kecamatan dengan 35 desa Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi langsung, wawancara, serta pengukuran morfologi tanaman. Karakter kualitatif dianalisis secara deskriptif, sedangkan karakter kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan analisis klaster dengan metode Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering. Peta sebaran tanaman kelor dibuat menggunakan perangkat lunak ArcGIS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman kelor di Kabupaten Aceh Besar memiliki keragaman morfologi yang cukup tinggi diantaranya bentuk pohon didominasi oleh tipe menyebar dan tegak, dengan sebagian kecil bertipe terkulai. Warna batang didominasi oleh warna abu-abu dengan bentuk permukaan batang didominasi oleh bercak. Warna pada daun didominasikan oleh warna hijau tua dengan bentuk daun oval. Variasi juga terlihat pada warna rachis dan rakhilia, sebagian besar didominasi oleh warna hijau. Tanaman kelor memiliki keragaman yang cukup luas pada semua karakter kuantitatif, seperti tinggi tanaman (2,6–10,2 m), diameter batang (8,5–62,0 cm), panjang daun (25–235 cm), dan jumlah helaian daun (66– 288 helai). Beberapa aksesi seperti STK 7, STK 28, dan STK 29 menunjukkan ukuran vegetatif yang lebih besar, sedangkan STK 39 dan STK 41 cenderung lebih kecil. Sebaran tanaman kelor di Kabupaten Aceh Besar dapat dilihat pada peta bahwa terdapat 3 Kecamatan yang memiliki sebaran tanaman kelor terbanyak diantaranya Kecamatan Darussalam, Kuta Baro dan Ingin jaya dengan dataran yang rendah. Keragaman tanaman kelor didapatkan hasil analisis klaster dengan metode agglomerative hierarchical clustering, sampel tanaman STK 1 hingga STK 50 terbagi ke dalam beberapa kelompok utama. Sampel yang bergabung pada koefisien rendah, seperti STK 1, STK 49, STK 48, STK 46 menunjukkan hubungan kemiripan yang tinggi. Sebaliknya, STK 45 baru bergabung pada koefisien tinggi sehingga dianggap memiliki karakteristik yang paling berbeda dibandingkan sampel lainnya.

Moringa plant exploration is a way to gather information, identify diversity, and map the distribution of Moringa to support the conservation, utilization, and development of the plant's cultivation. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of morphological characters, both qualitative and quantitative, and to map the distribution patterns of Moringa plants in Aceh Besar Regency. The study was conducted from January to April 2025 using a survey method at 50 Moringa plant sample points spread across 10 sub-districts with 35 villages in Aceh Besar Regency. Data were collected through direct observation, interviews, and plant morphology measurements. Qualitative characters were analyzed descriptively, while quantitative characters were analyzed using descriptive statistics and cluster analysis with the Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering method. The distribution map of Moringa plants was created using ArcGIS software. The results showed that Moringa plants in Aceh Besar Regency have quite high morphological diversity, including tree shapes dominated by spreading and upright types, with a small portion of drooping types. The color of the stem is dominated by gray with the shape of the stem surface dominated by spots. The color of the leaves is dominated by dark green with oval leaf shapes. Variations are also seen in the color of the rachis and rachilia, mostly dominated by green. Moringa plants have quite wide diversity in all quantitative characters, such as plant height (2.6–10.2 m), stem diameter (8.5–62.0 cm), leaf length (25–235 cm), and number of leaves (66–288 leaves). Some accessions such as STK 7, STK 28, and STK 29 show larger vegetative sizes, while STK 39 and STK 41 tend to be smaller. The distribution of Moringa plants in Aceh Besar Regency can be seen on the map that there are 3 sub-districts that have the largest distribution of Moringa plants, including Darussalam, Kuta Baro, and Ingin Jaya sub-districts with lowlands. The diversity of Moringa plants was obtained from cluster analysis using the agglomerative hierarchical clustering method, plant samples from STK 1 to STK 50 were divided into several main groups. Samples that are combined at a low coefficient, such as STK 1, STK 49, STK 48, STK 46 showed a high similarity relationship. In contrast, STK 45 has just joined at a high coefficient so it is considered to have the most different characteristics compared to the other samples.