Electronic Theses and Dissertation

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pengalaman komunitas LGBT (Lesbian,
Gay, Biseksual, dan Transgender) di Kota Banda Aceh dalam menghadapi
diskriminasi, bentuk-bentuk diskriminasi yang mereka alami, serta faktor-faktor
yang memengaruhi pandangan masyarakat terhadap keberadaan mereka.
Menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi, data
diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan tokoh masyarakat, mahasiswa,
masyarakat umum, serta anggota komunitas LGBT. Analisis penelitian ini
menggunakan teori labeling dari Howard Becker yang menekankan bahwa
penyimpangan muncul bukan dari tindakan itu sendiri, melainkan dari pemberian
label negatif oleh masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunitas
LGBT di Banda Aceh banyak mengalami diskriminasi dalam bentuk pengucilan
sosial, stigma negatif, penolakan dalam dunia kerja, diskriminasi pendidikan dan
layanan kesehatan, serta sanksi hukum melalui Qanun Jinayat. Faktor yang
memengaruhi pandangan masyarakat mencakup pemahaman agama, norma adat,
pola sosialisasi dalam keluarga, lingkungan sosial, pendidikan, serta media lokal
yang memperkuat stigma. Label negatif yang dilekatkan masyarakat membuat
komunitas LGBT mengalami marginalisasi dan tekanan psikologis, sehingga sulit
memperoleh ruang hidup yang setara. Meskipun demikian, ditemukan adanya
pandangan lebih moderat dari sebagian kalangan muda yang mulai
mempertanyakan perlakuan diskriminatif, meskipun tetap tidak sepenuhnya
menerima keberadaan LGBT. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa diskriminasi
terhadap komunitas LGBT di Banda Aceh merupakan konsekuensi dari proses
pelabelan sosial yang dilembagakan melalui norma agama, adat, dan hukum.
Kata Kunci: LGBT, Diskriminasi, Teori Labeling, Fenomenologi

ABSTRACT This study aims to explore the experiences of the LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender) community in Banda Aceh in facing discrimination, the forms of discrimination they encounter, and the factors influencing public perceptions of their existence. Using a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with community leaders, university students, the general public, and members of the LGBT community. The analysis employs Howard Becker’s labeling theory, which emphasizes that deviance is not inherent in an act itself but arises from the negative labels assigned by society. The findings reveal that LGBT individuals in Banda Aceh experience various forms of discrimination, including social exclusion, stigmatization, denial of employment opportunities, discrimination in education and healthcare services, as well as legal sanctions under the Qanun Jinayat. Factors shaping public perceptions include religious teachings, customary norms, family socialization, social environment, educational background, and local media coverage that reinforces stigma. The negative labeling imposed by society has led to marginalization and psychological pressure, making it difficult for LGBT individuals to live equally in society. Nevertheless, some younger groups show more moderate perspectives by questioning discriminatory practices, although they still do not fully accept LGBT existence. This study concludes that discrimination against the LGBT community in Banda Aceh is largely the result of a social labeling process institutionalized through religion, customary norms, and law. Keywords: LGBT, Discrimination, Labeling Theory, Phenomenology