Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pengesahan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) menandai langkah penting dalam pembaruan hukum pidana nasional. Di dalamnya terdapat perubahan redaksi terkait pertanggungjawaban penyandang disabilitas mental dan intelektual, namun apakah perubahan redaksi ini juga diikuti dengan perubahan makna. Selama ini, KUHP lama (UU No. 1 Tahun 1946) hanya mengatur hal tersebut secara umum dalam Pasal 44, tanpa klasifikasi yang jelas terhadap kondisi psikologis pelaku. Pemberlakuan pasal 44 KUHP lama juga mengalami ketidakpastian karena adanya beberapa putusan yang masih memidana penyandang disabilitas mental dan intelektual.

Penulisan skripsi ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan apakah terdapat pembaruan dalam pengaturan pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap penyandang disabilitas intelektual dan mental dalam KUHP yang baru, yakni Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023, serta guna mengetahui sejauh mana pembaruan tersebut mampu menjawab tantangan dalam mewujudkan perlindungan hukum yang lebih adil, manusiawi, dan inklusif.

Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini ialah metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statue approach) dan perbandingan hukum (comparative approach). Data penelitian diperoleh melalui penelitian kepustakaan (library research).

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KUHP 1946 pada Pasal 44 masih menyamaratakan segala kondisi penyandang disabilitas mental dan intelektual serta terdapat beberapa putusan yang masih memidanakan penyandang disabilitas mental dan intelektual. Namun KUHP baru membawa perubahan yang signifikan melalui pengaturan dalam Pasal 38 dan Pasal 39. Pasal 38 mengatur mengenai kemungkinan pengurangan pidana atau penggantian pidana dengan tindakan tertentu, sedangkan Pasal 39 membuka ruang pembebasan pidana bagi individu yang mengalami disabilitas berat atau dalam kondisi kekambuhan akut.

Supaya pembaharuan dalam KUHP baru tidak hanya dalam hal normatif saja, perlu adanya perubahan substantif supaya pemberlakuannya sempurna. Perubahan ini dapat dimulai dengan dihadirkannya sosialisasi kepada para penegak hukum supaya menyatukan pemahaman terkait penyandang disabilitas mental dan intelektual.

The enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana or KUHP) marks a significant step in the reform of national criminal law. Within this legislation, there are editorial changes related to the criminal liability of persons with mental and intellectual disabilities; however, the question arises as to whether these editorial changes are also accompanied by changes in substantive meaning. Until now, the previous Criminal Code (Law No. 1 of 1946) regulated this matter only in general terms under Article 44, without a clear classification of the psychological conditions of offenders. The application of Article 44 of the old Criminal Code also presented legal uncertainty, as several court decisions continued to impose criminal liability on individuals with mental and intellectual disabilities. This thesis aims to examine whether there has been a reform in the regulation of criminal liability for persons with intellectual and mental disabilities under the new Criminal Code, namely Law Number 1 of 2023, and to assess the extent to which these reforms address the challenges in achieving legal protection that is more just, humane, and inclusive. The method used in the preparation of this thesis is a normative juridical method, employing a statutory approach and a comparative legal approach. The research data was obtained through library research. The research findings indicate that Article 44 of the 1946 Criminal Code continues to generalize all conditions of mental and intellectual disability and that several court rulings have continued to impose criminal sanctions on persons with such disabilities. However, the new Criminal Code introduces significant changes through the provisions of Articles 38 and 39. Article 38 regulates the possibility of sentence reduction or the substitution of punishment with certain measures, while Article 39 provides the opportunity for exemption from criminal liability for individuals with severe disabilities or those experiencing acute episodes of relapse. To ensure that the reform in the new Criminal Code is not merely normative in nature, substantive changes are required to achieve its effective implementation. This can begin with the dissemination of information to law enforcement officers in order to unify understanding regarding individuals with mental and intellectual disabilities.