Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Perikanan tangkap merupakan sektor penting bagi masyarakat pesisir Sabang yang sebagian besar masih mengandalkan alat tangkap tradisional, salah satunya pancing rawai vertikal. Keberhasilan operasi alat tangkap ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh pemilihan jenis umpan, sehingga perlu dikaji efektivitas penggunaannya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2025 di perairan Pria Laot, Kota Sabang, dengan tujuan mengetahui komposisi hasil tangkapan pancing rawai vertikal serta menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan jenis umpan terhadap hasil tangkapan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen lapangan (experimental fishing) dengan 12 kali ulangan. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi langsung, wawancara dengan nelayan, pencatatan hasil tangkapan, serta identifikasi spesies ikan menggunakan buku identifikasi. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif untuk menentukan komposisi hasil tangkapan, dan uji t independen digunakan untuk menilai perbedaan signifikan hasil tangkapan berdasarkan jenis umpan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi hasil tangkapan didominasi oleh ikan demersal bernilai ekonomis, antara lain badur (Lutjanus bengalensis) sebesar 26%, kerapu tomat (Cephalopholis sonnerati) 17%, dan kurisi (Nemipterus furcosus) 14%. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan penggunaan umpan gurita (Octopus sp.) dan tongkol (Euthynnus affinis) tidak signifikan secara statistik (Sig. > 0,05). Namun secara deskriptif, rata-rata tangkapan dengan umpan gurita lebih tinggi dibandingkan tongkol. Keunggulan umpan gurita diduga dipengaruhi oleh tekstur yang kenyal, daya tahan lebih lama di air, serta kemampuannya menarik ikan demersal. Dengan demikian, pemilihan jenis umpan berperan penting dalam optimalisasi hasil tangkapan. Umpan gurita direkomendasikan sebagai strategi operasional yang lebih efektif, ekonomis, dan ramah lingkungan bagi nelayan di perairan Pria Laot maupun wilayah perairan sejenis.

Kata Kunci: Pengaruh Umpan, Hasil Tangkapan, Rawai Vertikal, Pria Laot Sabang.

Capture fisheries is an important sector for the coastal communities of Sabang, most of whom still rely on traditional fishing gear, one of which is the vertical longline. The success of this fishing gear is highly influenced by the choice of bait; therefore, it is necessary to evaluate its effectiveness. This study was conducted in April 2025 in the waters of Pria Laot, Sabang City, with the objectives of determining the catch composition of vertical longline fishing and analyzing the effect of different bait types on catch performance. The research method used was a field experiment (experimental fishing) with 12 replications. Data were collected through direct observation, interviews with fishers, catch recording, and fish species identification using an identification guidebook. The data were analyzed quantitatively in a descriptive manner to determine the catch composition, and an independent t-test was applied to evaluate significant differences in catch results based on bait types. The results showed that the catch composition was dominated by economically valuable demersal fish species, bigeye snapper (Lutjanus bengalensis) at 26%, blacktip grouper (Cephalopholis sonnerati) at 17%, and threadfin bream (Nemipterus furcosus) at 14%. Statistical analysis indicated that there was no significant difference (Sig. > 0.05) between the use of octopus (Octopus sp.) and skipjack tuna (Euthynnus affinis) as bait. However, descriptively, the average catch using octopus bait was higher than that using skipjack bait. The superiority of octopus bait is assumed to be influenced by its chewy texture, longer durability in water, and its stronger ability to attract demersal fish. Therefore, the selection of bait plays a crucial role in optimizing fishing performance. Octopus bait is recommended as a more effective, economical, and environmentally friendly operational strategy for small-scale fishers in Pria Laot waters and similar fishing areas. Keywords: Influence of Bait, Catch Yield, Vertical Longline, Pria Laot Sabang