Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Kedelai (Glycine max L.) varietas Anjasmoro merupakan salah satu varietas unggul nasional yang berpotensi tinggi untuk dikembangkan sebagai sumber protein nabati. Namun, produktivitas kedelai di Indonesia masih rendah, terutama pada lahan marginal seperti tanah Entisol yang memiliki kesuburan alami rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh pemberian pupuk terhadap pertumbuhan dan serapan hara fosfor (P) dan kalium
(K) tanaman kedelai varietas Anjasmoro pada Entisol Darussalam, Banda Aceh.
Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh pada ketinggian tempat 3 m di atas permukaan laut dengan menggunakan tanah ordo Entisol yang berlangsung dari Juni hingga September 2024. Metode yang digunakan adalah percobaan pot di rumah kasa dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktor tunggal, terdiri dari delapan perlakuan pemupukan yang disusun berdasarkan metode substraksi (omission trials) yang diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Perlakuan meliputi pemberian hara makro lengkap (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, dan S) sebagai perlakuan kontrol (ML), dan perlakuan hara omisi yaitu pengurangan satu unsur hara (M-N, M-P, M-K, M-Ca, M-Mg, dan M-S), serta kontrol tanpa pupuk. Parameter yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman umur 7, 21, 35, dan 49 hari setelah tanam (HST), konsentrasi hara P dan K daun dan bobot biomassa tanaman bagian atas (45 HST). Untuk memprediksi kebutuhan hara dilakukan perhitungan serapan hara P dan K.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk, baik secara lengkap maupun melalui perlakuan omisi, memberikan respons yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan dan serapan hara P dan K tanaman kedelai varietas Anjasmoro di tanah Entisol Darussalam. Perlakuan lengkap (ML) menghasilkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, bobot biomassa atas, dan serapan fosfor (P) serta kalium (K) tertinggi dibanding perlakuan omisi dan kontrol. Perlakuan omisi pemberian hara lengkap tanpa fosfor (M-P) dan kontrol (MO) menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan serapan P dan K terendah. Berdasarkan analisis serapan hara tanaman kedelai dan estimasi kebutuhan hara P dan K per hektar menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada Entisol Darussalam belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan P optimal (31,4 kg/ha) untuk kedelai Anjasmoro, sementara kebutuhan K (83 kg/ha) terpenuhi hanya pada perlakuan hara lengkap ML dan perlakuan hara lengkap tanpa pemberian S (M-S). Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan pupuk lengkap memberikan hasil terbaik, sedangkan penghilangan salah satu unsur menyebabkan penurunan pertumbuhan dan serapan.

Anjasmoro soybean (Glycine max L.) variety is one of the national superior varieties with high potential to be developed as a source of plant-based protein. However, soybean productivity in Indonesia is still low, especially on marginal land such as Entisol soil, which has low natural fertility. This study aimed to examine the effect of fertilizer application on the growth and uptake of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) nutrients in the Anjasmoro soybean variety on Entisol soil in Darussalam, Banda Aceh. The research was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, at an altitude of 3 m above sea level, using Entisol order soil from June to September 2024. The method used was a pot experiment in a screen house using a single-factor Randomized Block Design (RBD), consisting of eight fertilization treatments based on the subtraction method (omission trials), repeated three times. The treatments included the application of complete macro-nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) as the control treatment (ML), and omission nutrient treatments, which involved the reduction of one nutrient element (M-N, M-P, M-K, M-Ca, M-Mg, and M-S), as well as a control without fertilizer. Parameters observed included plant height at 7, 21, 35, and 49 days after planting (DAP), leaf P and K nutrient concentration, and the biomass weight of the plant's upper part (45 DAP). To predict nutrient needs, P and K nutrient uptake calculations were performed. The results showed that fertilizer application, both complete and via omission treatments, provided different responses to the growth and P and K nutrient uptake of the Anjasmoro soybean variety on Darussalam Entisol soil. The complete treatment (ML) resulted in the highest plant height, number of leaves, above-ground biomass weight, and phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) uptake compared to the omission and control treatments. The omission treatment without phosphorus (M-P) and the control (MO) resulted in the lowest growth and P and K uptake. Based on the analysis of soybean nutrient uptake and the estimation of P and K nutrient needs per hectare, it was shown that Darussalam Entisol was not yet able to meet the optimal P requirement (31.4 kg/ha) for Anjasmoro soybeans, while the K requirement (83 kg/ha) was met only in the complete nutrient treatment (ML) and the complete nutrient treatment without S (M-S). It can be concluded that the complete fertilizer treatment provides the best results, while the omission of one of the elements causes a decrease in growth and uptake.